In this study, a cascade refrigeration system comprising gas and vapor compression cycles operating at ultra-low temperature was designed. the thermodynamic analyses, R744, R404A, R410A refrigerants in high cycle (HTC), R1150, R170, R23 low (LTC) were used. Thermodynamic analyses carried out using Engineering Equation Solver package program. Outputs considered were: performance(COP), ratio, mas...

In this research, the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop of alternating cross-section flattened (ACF) tubes were investigated experimentally compared with same parameters a circular tube. Three different ACF fabricated from copper tubing an internal diameter 4.5 mm, thickness 1 length 400 mm. The twist angles 30, 45, 90°. experimental ranges covered mass flux 729–1,434 kg/m2s 12–...

The mechanism of regulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression by cAMP was investigated in rat hepatoma cells (HTC). Incubation of HTC cells with the CAMP-inducing agent, forskolin, caused a significant increase in the levels of both [SH]dexamethasone binding capacity and GR mRNA by about 2to 2.4fold within 4 h. Incubation of HTC cells with the cAMP analogue, 8-bromo-cAMP, also incre...

OBJECTIVE We estimate facility-level average annual cost per client along the HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service cascades. DESIGN Data were collected from 2011-2013 in 230 HTC and 212 PMTCT facilities in Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, and Zambia. METHODS Input quantities and unit prices were collected, as were output data. Annual e...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third highest cause of cancer death worldwide. In general, the disease is diagnosed at an advanced stage when potentially curative therapies are no longer feasible. For this reason, it is very important to develop new therapeutic approaches. Retinoic acid (RA) is a natural derivative of vitamin A that regulates important biological processes including cell ...

This article addresses the proliferation of human rights in international public health over the last 20 years by examining recent attempts at framing the global smoking epidemic as a human rights problem. Rather than advocating in favour or against human rights-based approaches, the article purports to understand how and why such approaches are being articulated and disseminated. First, it arg...

Igelmann et al. report a novel metabolic cycle, which they name HTC, that converts NADH into the key antioxidant factor NADPH. The HTC is repressed by tumor suppressors p53 and RB, this determines whether oncogene-expressing cells undergo senescence (HTCoff) or malignant transformation (HTCon).

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), as an environmental friendly process, presents wide potential applicability for converting biomass to biochar with high energy density. Reed, a major energy crop, was converted by a HTC process in a batch reactor at 200–280 ◦C for 0.5 to 4 h. Biochar mass yield changed from 66.7% to 19.2% and high heating value (HHV) from 20.0 kJ/g to 28.3 kJ/g, respectively, b...

Dexamethasone induces the synthesis of tyrosine aminotransferase in hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells, an established line of rat hepatoma cells in tissue culture. The addition of insulin or dialyzed serum to cells previously induced with dexamethasone in a serum-free medium causes a further doubling in tyrosine aminotransferase activity, which is not dependent on concomitant RNA synthesis. T...

The pattern-recognition algorithms based on eigenvector analysis (group 2) are theoretically and experimentally compared. Group 2 consists of Foley-Sammon (F-S) transform, Hotelling trace criterion (HTC), FukunagaKoontz (F-K) transform, linear discriminant function (LDF), and generalized matched filter (GMF) algorithms. It is shown that all eigenvector-based algorithms can be represented in a g...