Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) modulates the behavior and physiology of both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Effects of injections of 5-HT and the morphology of the serotonergic system of Aplysia indicate that 5-HT may have a humoral, in addition to a neurotransmitter, role. To study possible humoral roles of 5-HT, we measured 5-HT in the hemolymph. The concentration of 5-HT in the ...

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been widely used for the on-site detection of trace chemicals, but continue to suffer from a low duty cycle ion injection. The Hadamard transform (HT-IMS) technique was employed address problem with increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, in this work, through simulation, certain deviation between mathematical principle and actual data collection proc...

Homomeric 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(3A) and heteromeric 5-HT(3AB) receptors mediate rapid excitatory responses to serotonin in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The alkaloid morphine, in addition to being a mu-opioid receptor agonist, is a potent competitive inhibitor of 5-HT(3) receptors. We examined whether methadone, an opioid often used to treat morphine dependence, also exhibite...

Previous studies have established a role for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2B) and 5-HT(1B) receptors in mediating enhanced contraction to serotonin (5-HT) in arteries from hypertensive deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. To determine whether the observed increase in responsiveness was due to upregulation of 5-HT receptors, we used Western analysis to measure 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(2B) recept...

It is well established that serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a role in mammalian regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via the 5-HT receptor subtype 1A (5-HT(1A)). To date, there has not been a comprehensive investigation of the molecular, pharmacological and physiological aspects of the 5-HT(1A) receptor and its role in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituit...

Serotonin 5-HT 2C receptors belong to the 5-HT 2 family, which includes 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2B receptors. All three share similarities in their molecular structure, pharmacology, and signal transduction pathways (Barnes and Sharp 1999; Hoyer et al. 1994). Initially named 5-HT 1C, based on the conventions for naming serotonin receptors at the time of its discovery, it was later renamed 5-HT 2C rece...

We previously demonstrated colocalization of serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) and serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptors in oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Because a functional imbalance between hypothalamic 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, in this study we investigated whether acu...

Recently, lipophenols (or phenolipids), which are composed of a fatty acid (FA) and phenolic core such as hydroxytyrosol (HT), have been detected in extra virgin olive oils (EVOO), promoted by the esterification reaction between FA HT unique lipophenolic molecule (HT-FAs). However, levels HT-FAs, well potential alterations their concentrations during storage EVOO, still unexplored. Thus, presen...

In vivo dialysis coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) was used for measurement of extracellular serotonin (5-HT) in the hypothalamus of unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. A series of experiments was carried out to determine if 5-HT in the dialysis solution was released from nerve terminals. Fenfluramine, a 5-HT-releasing drug and fluoxetine,...

The distribution of serotonin (5-HT)-immunoreactive elements in peripheral organs of the sea-slugs Pleurobranchaea californica and Tritonia diomedea was studied in cryostat sections. For Pleurobranchaea, 5-HT-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) neuron cell bodies were found only in the central nervous system (CNS); 5-HT-IR cell bodies were not observed in foot, tentacles, rhinophores, oral veil, mouth, bu...