The folding of most newly synthesized proteins in the cell requires the interaction of a variety of protein cofactors known as molecular chaperones. These molecules recognize and bind to nascent polypeptide chains and partially folded intermediates of proteins, preventing their aggregation and misfolding. There are several families of chaperones; those most involved in protein folding are the 4...

Hsp70 proteins are highly conserved proteins induced by heat shock and other stress conditions. An ATP-binding domain of human Hsp70 protein has been crystallized in two major morphological forms at pH 7.0 in the presence of PEG 8000 and CaCl2. Both crystal forms belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, but show no resemblance in unit-cell parameters. Analysis of the crystal structures f...

BACKGROUND The oesophageal epithelium is exposed routinely to noxious agents in the environment, including gastric acid, thermal stress, and chemical toxins. These epithelial cells have presumably evolved effective protective mechanisms to withstand tissue damage and repair injured cells. Heat shock protein or stress protein responses play a central role in protecting distinct cell types from d...

SYNOPSIS. This paper reviews the generalized stress response in fish at the cellular and neuroendocrine levels. The focus of this review is to examine the possible relationships between the stress responses at these two levels in fish. It focuses primarily on the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). Thus, the descriptions of the endocrine and the cellular stress responses are followed by a discussion...

To determine how the accumulation of the major Drosophila melanogaster heat-shock protein, Hsp70, affects inducible thermotolerance in larvae and pupae, we have compared two sister strains generated by site-specific homologus recombination. One strain carried 12 extra copies of the Hsp70 gene at a single insertion site (extra-copy strain) and the other carried remnants of the transgene construc...

After heat shock, HSF1 controls a major cellular transcriptional response involving the activation of early (HSP70) and late (HSP25) heat shock gene expression. Here we show that a full response to heat shock (activation of both HSP70 and HSP25) depends on the duration of HSF1 activation, which is itself controlled by HDAC6, a unique deacetylase known to bind monoubiquitin and polyubiquitin wit...

When HeLa S3 cells are subjected to a continuous 42 degrees C heat shock, activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) and transcriptional activation of the heat shock genes hsp70, hsp89 alpha, and hsp60 is transient, peaking at 40-60 min of heat shock, and then attenuating. We have used in vivo genomic footprinting to demonstrate that attenuation of hsp70 transcription is mediated by re...

Background: Salinity is a major environmental limiting factor, which affect agricultural production. The two Manilkara seedlings (M. roxburghiana and M. zapota) with high economic importance, could not adapt well to higher soil salinity and little is known about their proteomic mechanisms. Objectives: The mechanisms responsible ...

Partial clones of the Sarcophaga crassipalpis heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and of heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70) were developed by RT-PCR and library screening respectively. These clones were used to probe total RNA northern blots for the expression of transcripts in response to high and low temperature stress and in conjunction with the entry into an overwintering pupal diapause. In nondiapaus...

Ambient temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting physiological mechanisms and biochemical reactions of living organisms. Thus the effect of ambient temperature on HSPs and IGF-I gene expression levels in the liver and muscle tissues of Sparus aurata were investigated in this research. The levels of HSPs, and IGF-I gene expression of the liver and muscle of Sparus...