 For all age groups above 65, Social Security remains the primary source of income. In 2009, households ages 65–74 and households with members age 85 or above received 54 percent and 66 percent of their total household incomes, respectively, from Social Security benefits.  The importance of Social Security income increases with age. For households that had members ages 65– 69 in 2001, the sha...

BACKGROUND Lack of sanitation facilities is a serious health risk and obliges people to practice open defecation, thereby increasing the risk of disease transmission. The aim of this study was to assess latrine coverage and the associated factors among the rural communities in district of Bahir Dar Zuria, Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 608 household...

BACKGROUND In genera self declared female headed-households in most developing countries tend to be poorer, own less and have less access to job opportunities. OBJECTIVE To assess the nutritional status of pre-schoolers by gender differentiation of heads of households. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in February 2003. SETTING Four beneficiary villages registered und...

This paper uses comparable income aggregates from 41 national household surveys from 22 countries to explore the patterns of income generation among rural households in Sub-Saharan Africa, and to compare household income strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa with those in other regions. The paper seeks to understand how geography drives these strategies, focusing on the role of agricultural potentia...

As the use of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) approaches in developing countries has grown, concern has arisen over the ability of poorer households to participate. This paper uses data from a PES project being implemented in Quindío, Colombia, to examine the extent to which poorer households that are eligible to participate are in fact able to do so. The project provides a strong tes...

background : connection between socioeconomic statuses and mental health has been reported already. accordingly, mental health asymmetrically is distributed in society; therefore, people with disadvantaged condition suffer from inconsistent burden of mental disorders. in this study, we aimed to understand the determinants of socioeconomic inequality of mental health in the female-headed househo...

this paper explores the distributive impacts of subsidy removal in agricultural sectors and related industry in iran, using a social accounting matrix (sam)-based price model. the structural path analysis approach is used to decompose the overall influences into direct, global, and total effects. the simulation results reveal that a shock therapy strategy, which involves the removal of all subs...

nigeria represents one of the paradoxes of development in which case the nation is rich but her people are poor. this study examines the rate of poverty among rural households in south western, nigeria. a random multistage sampling was employed for the study. ekiti and osun states were randomly selected from the six states in south-western nigeria. this was followed by random selection of two l...

Using a calibrated general equilibrium model of the South African economy, with 24 types of households identified by ethnic background and income classification, and labor disaggregated into 13 different categories, this paper assesses the impacts of trade reform on household incomes and income distribution. Our general conclusion is that trade reform will most likely improve the average welfar...

rain-water-harvesting is one of the means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in all regions. the study indentified the factor affecting rain-water-harvesting technology adoption for irrigation and farmers practice in water harvesting against drought in lowland woreda, eastern hararghe, oromia region. both primary and secondary data were collected ...