Abstract Background An issue of concern to the travelling public is possibility in-flight transmission coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during long- and short-haul flights. The aviation industry maintains that probability contracting illness small based on reported cases, modelling data from aerosol dispersion experiments conducted on-board aircraft. Methods Using experimentally derived for ...

This paper explores the potential of executables for covert communication. Three techniques for the embedding of secret information are presented. Possible attacks on the stealthiness of these techniques are identified and countered. The presented concepts are implemented and evaluated for the IA32 architecture, for which we obtain an encoding rate of 1/27 before countermeasures and 1/89 after ...

Checksums are routinely used to detect data transmission errors. However, design decisions about which checksum to use are difficult because of a lack of information about relative effectiveness of available options. We study the error detection effectiveness of the Fletcher and Adler checksums for random independent bit errors and burst errors. Our study reveals that in most cases the Fletcher...

Pollination and fertilization are critical factors in horticultural cultivation to increase seed production. In this study, we measured the visiting activity pollination of three species stingless bees, i.e., Tetragonula laeviceps, Lepidotrigona terminata, Heterotrigona itama mustard (Brassica rapa). Visiting bees were observed plants caged by an insect screen. The observations done visually pe...

Fifty patients with non-cardiac chest pain underwent 24 hour intraoesophageal pH and pressure recording and provocation tests to determine the relative value of both techniques in establishing the oesophageal origin of the chest pain. Twenty six patients (52%) had at least one positive provocation test: the acid perfusion test was positive related in 18 patients (36%), the edrophonium test in 1...

OBJECTIVES To determine pediatric program director (PD) approval and perception of changes to resident training and patient care resulting from 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Common Program Requirements. METHODS All US pediatric PDs (n = 181) were identified from the ACGME. Functional e-mail addresses were identified for 164 (90.6%). Three individualized e-m...

Fruits of orange-fleshed and green-fleshed muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were harvested at different times throughout development to evaluate changes in metabolism which lead to sucrose accumulation, and to determine the basis of differences in fruit sucrose accumulation among genotypes. Concentrations of sucrose, raffinose saccharides, hexoses and starch, as well as activities of the sucrose met...