A mathematical simulation model was used to assist 5 farmers in developing design criteria for inclusion of robotic milking systems in each farm situation. The barn layout influences arrivals of cows to the milking robot as well as other cow traffic and must be carefully planned. Each farmer had individual objectives and consequently unique design criteria that determined the optimal solution. ...

Nine well-trained, unacclimatized female hockey players performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) interspersed with three field hockey skill tests in hot (30 degrees C, 38% relative humidity) and moderate (19 degrees C, 51% relative humidity) environmental conditions. Field hockey skill performance declined in both the hot and moderate conditions following 30 and 60 min of the...

Background: The Midlife Women’s Health Study (MWHS) was developed to address some of the gaps in knowledge regarding risk factors for hot flashes among generally healthy midlife women during their menopausal transition. This manuscript describes the methods from the study and the main findings that were published to date, with a focus on predictors of hot flashes. This study was initially funde...

in the present study, mixed convection laminar flow around an adiabatic body in a lid-driven enclosure filled with nanofluid using variable thermal conductivity and variable viscosity is numerically investigated. the fluid around the body in the enclosure is a water-based nanofluid containing al2o3 nanoparticles. the vertical enclosure’s walls are maintained at constant cold temperature and the...

This study examined the effect of the volume of fluid ingested on urine concentrating ability during prolonged heavy exercise in a hot environment at low levels of dehydration. Seven healthy males performed 105 min of intermittent cycle exercise at 70% maximum oxygen uptake (32°C, 60% relative humidity) while receiving no fluid ingestion (NF), voluntary fluid ingestion (VF), partial fluid inges...

We investigate environmental effects on evolution of cluster galaxies under hierarchical structure formation scenario using combination of a dissipationless N-body simulation and a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. The N-body simulation enables us to calculate orbits of galaxies in simulated clusters. Therefore we can include stripping of cold gas from the galactic disks by ram pressure ...

Introduction Lysozyme is one of the salivary antimicrobial proteins which act as the "first line of defence" at the mucosal surface. The effects of prolonged exercise in the hot and cool environments among recreational athletes on salivary lysozyme responses are very limited in the literature, especially in the Asian countries. Objective To determine the effects of prolonged running in the ho...

the interaction between wakes of bluff body and airfoil has profound influences on system performance in many industrial applications, e.g., turbo-machinery and cooling fan. the present work investigates the effect of configuration including airfoil’s angle of attack and transverse spacing of the models on frequency behavior of the cylinder’s near-wake. the experiments were carried out under su...

this paper presents a case study to determine the efficiency of the currently used heat stress indices in correlation with wet bulb globe temperature (wbgt) as a permissible index at a foundry plant and to evaluate the extent of the physiological responses such as heart rate and body temperature in correlation with heat stress indices. the field consisted of a foundry plant where a shift work w...