In the early 1970's it was discovered by several groups of investigators that trihalomethanes (THM) were present in some American drinking water supplies, and that their presence was due primarily to the process of chlorination. Bellar and coworkers (1974) pinpointed the appearance of trihalomethanes to the addition of chlorine in the water treatment process. Symons and coworkers, in the Nation...

Agricultural pesticides (i.e., insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) represent a threat to drinking water quality and aquatic life within agricultural streams. Many agricultural streams serve as source waters for urban drinking water supplies within the Midwestern United States. Transport of pesticides from upstream agricultural streams to downstream drinking water supplies can result in an...

OBJECTIVES This report presents data on the availability of pediatric services, expertise, and supplies for treating pediatric emergencies in U.S. hospitals. METHODS Data in this report are from the Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement (EPSES), a self-administered questionnaire added to the 2006 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). NHAMCS samples nonfede...

introduction : direct relationship has been reported between the prevalence of some parasitic diseases and the presence of microorganisms in water. there are possible contamination of water resources, due to the climate changes and increasing the groundwater level. the purpose of this research was to determine the contamination rate of drinking water supplies to parasites in mazandaran province...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Quantitative evidence linking environmental exposures and social status at sub-national scales is surprisingly limited. This study investigated the public health risks associated with community water supplies in relation to social status in New Zealand. DESIGN An ecological study using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to compare the grade of community water supplies with ...

background wastewater effluent in hospitals has been increasing during the recent decades due to developments in medical services and products. objectives this study aimed to investigate the qualitative parameters of effluent wastewater in hospitals affiliated to babol university of medical sciences (bums). materials and methods four hospitals were included and their wastewater effluent was stu...

BACKGROUND This study sought to identify whether elevated risk of infectious intestinal disease (IID) exists in contaminated small water supply consumers compared with consumers drinking from small supplies complying with current standards and whether this effect is modified by age. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A prospective cohort study of 611 individuals receiving small supplies in En...