An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the utility of quantitative fracture flow visualization techniques in the study of entrapped fluid phase (air) dissolution into a flowing phase (water) within a horizontal, transparent, analog rough-walled fracture. The fracture aperture field and phase occupancy were measured using light transmission techniques and then combined to calculate bulk wate...

We investigate the initiation and early-stage propagation of an axi-symmetric hydraulic fracture from a wellbore drilled in the direction of the minimum principal stress in an elastic and impermeable formation. Such a configuration is akin to the case of a horizontal well and a hydraulic fracture transverse to the well axis in an open hole completion. In addition to the effect of the wellbore o...

Conventional fracture closure models typically assume homogeneous formation. This assumption renders complex pressure analysis during shut-in insufficient at present. In this paper, we use a cohesive zone method (CZM)-based finite element model to obtain the and minimum horizontal principal stress of major branch based on fall-off analysis. Key factors including leak-off rate, injection time, a...

Joints within the Catskill Delta complex are believed to be natural hydraulic fractures and abundant indirect evidence supports this claim. The indirect evidence is based on many observations of joint surface morphology and joint spacing among other features. The Alleghanian orogeny left a unique imprint on the joint surfaces also, indicating a rotating horizontal compressive stress field. Nume...

The water-cut rises quickly and the remaining oil distribution is complex when ultra-low permeability reservoir enters high water cut stage. comprehensive use of engineering, dynamic monitoring, numerical simulation, core experiments other methods, this paper systematically summarizes three types water-driving law characteristics oil, which are pore-fracture flow, flow fracture flow. It conside...

• We imaged 3-D CO 2 -water drainage in vertically stacked matrix-fracture columns that are different from classic core-flood settings. Capillary continuity the fracture was key to water and invasion matrix. Fracture saturation capillary were enhanced by non-uniform pressure countercurrent flow across fracture-matrix interface. Estimation of storage capacity fractured porous reservoirs requires...

The cerebellar Golgi cells of mouse, teleost fish, primate and human species have been studied by means of light and Golgi light microscopic techniques, slicing technique, ethanol-cryofracturing and freeze fracture methods for scanning electron microscopy and ultrathin sectioning for transmission electron microscopy. The Golgi cells appeared in the granular layer as polygonal, stellate, round o...