We combine techniques from quantum and from classical density functional theory (DFT) to describe electron–ion mixtures. For homogeneous systems, we show how to calculate ion–ion and ion–electron correlation functions within Chihara’s quantum hypernetted chain approximation, which we derive within a DFT formulation. We also sketch out how to apply the DFT formulation to inhomogeneous electron–i...

In common media, electromagnetic wave always possesses a fluctuant field variation, analogous to an undulant surface of sea. While electromagnetic wave in the media with zero index metamaterials (ZIMs), whose refractive indices are near zero, homogeneous or constant field distribution will emerge, resembling a tranquil surface of lake. Such impression almost could be found in all previous liter...

An RD-space X is a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss with the additional property that a reverse doubling property holds in X . In this paper, the authors first give several equivalent characterizations of RD-spaces and show that the definitions of spaces of test functions on X are independent of the choice of the regularity ǫ ∈ (0, 1); as a result of this, the Besov a...

There are effective numerical methods for the analysis of Markov reward models (MRMs) without or with complete reward loss, but the analysis of MRMs with partial reward loss is more complex. This paper presents the analytical description of the distribution and the moments of the accumulated reward of partial increment loss reward models and an effective numerical method to evaluate these measu...

Full Monte Carlo (FMC) calculation of dose distribution has been recognized to have superior accuracy, compared with the pencil beam algorithm (PBA). However, since the FMC methods require long calculation time, it is difficult to apply them to routine treatment planning at present. In order to improve the situation, a simplified Monte Carlo (SMC) method has been introduced to the dose kernel c...

A study is presented of the axially symmetric deformation of a non-homogeneous elastic halfspace subjected to torsional shear tractions that are linearly distributed over a circular portion of the otherwise free surface. The problem is formulated in terms of Hankel integral transforms and an inverse procedure is implemented in which the determination of the type of non-homogeneity constitutes p...

*Corresponding author: Dr. Tayyeb Allahverdi Pourfallah, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98 21 88973653 E-mail: [email protected] Background: Polymer gel dosimetry is still the only dosimetry method for direct measuring of threedimensional dose distributions. MRI Polymer gel dosimeters are tissue equi...

We measured lung impedance in rats in closed chest (CC), open chest (OC), and isolated lungs (IL) at four transpulmonary pressures with a optimal ventilator waveform. Data were analyzed with an homogeneous linear or an inhomogeneous linear model. Both models include tissue damping and elastance and airway inertance. The homogeneous linear model includes airway resistance (Raw), whereas the inho...

Biochemical reactions in a cell can be modeled by a catalytic reaction network (CRN). It has been reported that catalytic chain reactions occur intermittently in the CRN with a homogeneous random-graph topology and its avalanche-size distribution obeys a power law with the exponent 4/3 [A. Awazu and K. Kaneko, Phys. Rev. E 80, 010902(R) (2009)]. This fact indicates that the catalytic reaction d...

Abstract Resonant electromagnetic scattering has been optimized for angularly inhomogeneous nanotubes characterized by different surface admittances along the two complementary arcs. The optimal designs are substantially more efficient compared to their best homogeneous counterparts and spatial distribution of power reveals nature sustained resonances. In this sense, reported scores constitute ...