background: dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. we evaluated the percent depth dose (pdd), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. materials and methods: the homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

Homogeneous nucleation of a vapor in the presence of the loss of clusters by diffusion and thermophoretic drift is investigated. Analytical results are obtained for the cluster size distribution and the rate of nucleation by solving the modified kinetic equation for nucleation. The implications of cluster loss by diffusion and phoretic drift on the onset of the homogeneous nucleation of silicon...

Background: HER2 serves as an important therapeutic target in gastroesophageal cancer. Differences in HER2 gene signal distribution patterns can be observed at the tissue level, but how it influences the HER2 amplification status has not been studied so far. Here, we investigated the link between HER2 amplification and the different types of gene signal distribution. Methods: Tumor samples from...

Aptamer-protein conjugation inside a confined environment generates a non-homogeneous fixed charge distribution, leading to the emergence of ionic current rectification characteristics in single cylindrical nanopores.

background: the heterogeneous composition of the human body presents numerous tissue types and cavities with widely differing radiologic properties. the aim of the present work was to develop a low cost homogeneous and heterogeneous phantom and the absorbed dose were measured by ionization chamber for different radiotherapy treatment techniques and compared with treatment planning system absorb...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the most exciting and challenging research areas. Sensor nodes (SNs) are generally deployed randomly from some flying base station (BS) in the deployment area, which may result uneven distribution of these static SNs. Besides these, they may be damaged because of natural calamities. In order to obtain the homogeneous distribution it is necessary to pro...

We consider a class of homogeneous SZK models with finite state space and consider sharp bounds on the rate of convergence to stationary distribution.

The purpose of this paper is to review and compare the existing perturbation bounds for the stationary distribution of a finite, irreducible, homogeneous Markov chain.

The inhomogeneous brightness distribution of BATSE detected gamma-ray bursts has been considered strong evidence for their cosmological origin. However, subclasses of gamma-ray bursts have been shown to have significantly more homogeneous brightness distributions. Pendleton et al. (1997) have found such a result for gamma-ray bursts with no detectable emission at energies >300 keV. Accordingly,...