The present exploratory mixed methods study aimedto develop a scale for assessing critical thinking (CT) ability of Iranian EFL learners. The study wasconducted in three phases. In phase one, the features of CT components were examined in the writingsof 120 participants. A holistic and an analytic scale were developed based on their performance in exploiting the components of CT and the fea...

In EFL programs, rating scales used in writing assessment are often constructed by intuition. Intuition-based scales tend to provide inaccurate and divisive ratings of learners’ writing performance. Hence, following an empirical approach, this study attempted to develop a rating scale for elementary-level writing at an EFL program in Saudi Arabia. Towards this goal, 98 students’ essays were sco...

One of the important aspects of the crisis management consists in a comprehensive analysis of the impacts generated and their associated cost. The capacity to carry out an efficient holistic management, through the development of preventive measures and response programs relies on a proper estimation of impacts which helps to mitigate the harshness or can even avoid impacts in face of future cr...

Filling and submission of electronic forms is a key issue for egovernment, since most electronic services offered in this context include some variant of electronic forms. Insofar, IT experts are placed in the centre of electronic forms services lifecycles, undertaking the analysis, design, implementation and maintenance phases. This practice, however, implies various impediments, such as the n...

Nurse Healer OBJECTIVES Theoretical I Explore the Theory of Integral Nursing and its application to holistic nursing. I Link Florence Nightingale's legacy of healing , leadership, global action, and her work as a nurse and citizen activist to 21st-century integral and holistic nursing.

“Clinical Aromatherapy Part I: An Introduction Into Nursing Practice” (see page 595) provided an overview of aromatherapy, guidelines for selecting quality products, and the potential risks associated with essential oils. This article, “Clinical Aromatherapy Part II: Safe Guidelines for Integration Into Clinical Practice,” describes the credentialing process for aromatherapists and holistic nur...

objectives: to study the prevalence and demographic characteristics of neurological soft signs (nss) among the patients with bipolar mood disorder-i (bid). method: in a cross- sectional descriptive-analytic study we studied 20 patients with bid with bid with 20 healthy individuals. we used dsm-iv and young mania rating scale (mrs) for diagnosing and rating the patients with bid, neurological ev...

Several frameworks have been developed for mitigating the environmental impact of human activities. Among them, possibly most forward-thinking are Sustainable Development Goals set out in UN Agenda 2030, which often cited by stakeholders at various levels. Nevertheless, when it comes to policy tools, defining goals relating sustainability is not straightforward. In this contribution, we use a m...