The aim of this study was to investigate the effects prenatal stress (PS) on mRNA levels DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cerebral cortex hippocampus female rats. PS induced rats with dexamethasone (Dex). From gestation day 14 21, pregnant were injected daily Dex (100 μg/kg) or saline. After birth, at 3 months age, decapitated (n=5). epigenetic mechanisms inves...

Alzheimer’s is one of the most common types dementia in world. Although not a contagious disease, this disease has many impacts, especially socio-economic life. In diagnosing and using interview techniques, physical examination methods are also used, namely an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine to get clear image patient’s brain condition, with focus on hippocampus ventricular area. paper...

It has been hypothesized that elevated plasma Homocysteine (Hcy) plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related cognitive decline. The mechanism of Hcy neurotoxicity in the brain is controversial as well Hcy is a ligand of NMDA receptor. Memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ...

Introduction: Diazinon is one of the most widely-used organophosphate pesticides in the world. This toxin enters the body in various ways and induces oxidative stress in various tissues. It has been proved that activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) under oxidative stress is a steady mechanism for maintaining cell function and survival. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the ef...

Recently neuro-inflammation and cognitive impairment has attracted attention. It has been suggested that obesity lead to cognitive impairments induced by neuro-inflammatory markers like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and reduced neurotrophin factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Also, increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Because of the neuro-prot...

background and objectives: study of deleterious effect of neurotoxins on the animals' brain is a fascinating research plan. in this project, the damage effect of colchicine on the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (ca1) was examined by the studying the hippocampal tissue. materials and methods: injections of colchicine (1-75 μg/rat, intra- hippocampal ca1) were performed in cannulated male wistar rat...

objective: previously, analgesic, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects have been suggested for rosa damascena (r. damascena). in the present study, possible anti-seizure and neuro-protective effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of r. damascena has been investigated after inducing seizures in rats by pentylenetetrazole (ptz). materials and methods: the rats were divided to five groups: (1) control...

microdialysis was used to measure the effect of benzodiazepines (bdzs) on basal levels and on stress-induced increases of 5 -hydroxytryptamine (5 -ht), 5 - hydroxyind oleacetic acid (5 -hiaa) , noradrenaline (na), and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dop ac). the stressors used were a 5 min tail pinch or a 10 min period of restraint. a subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg diazepam decreased basal level...

introduction: stress is associated with neurological and cognitive disorders. it has been suggested that doxepin, in addition to its influence on the content of neurotransmitters, has probable neuroprotective effects as well. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of doxepin on synaptic plasticity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) gene expression in the rat h...