1 1 2 Visuo-motor transformations involved in the escape response to 3 looming stimuli in the crab Neohelice (=Chasmagnathus) granulata. 2 SUMMARY 29 30 Escape responses to directly approaching predators represent one instance of the animals' 31 ability for collision avoidance. Usually, such responses can be easily evoked in the laboratory using 32 two dimensional computer simulations of approa...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o After intense debate it is now accepted that nutrients (a bottom-up process) and herbi...

The original description of the genus Tetragonocephalum was published more than one hundred years ago but its taxonomic status was clarified only recently. To date, approximately 30 nominal species of this genus have been described, mostly from the northern Indian Ocean, but nearly half of them are invalid and only 14 species are recognized as valid. In the present study two new species of Tetr...

Abstract Stingrays are a resource that is vulnerable to overfishing and habitat degradation. The research was conducted obtain data information still lacking much needed for the utilization protection of stingrays, including; life history, stomach contents, nursery ground. study in October - November 2018 by exploratory, including taking stingrays trawling measuring conditions with Conductivity...