This paper studies the street and block plans of Mohenjodaro and Sirkap of Pakistan, and Thimi of Kathmandu Valley. Mohenjodaro was a reknowned city of Indus civilization, while Sirkap of Taxila, was an important cultural center in later half of first millennium BC. While both of the cities are archaeological remains, Thimi is still a living town. The three cities, apparently separated by enorm...

Downslope flows and regions of enhanced cooling have important impacts on society and the environment. Parameterisation of these often subgrid-scale phenomena in numerical models requires a sound understanding of the underlying physical processes, which has been the overarching aim of this work. A numerical model has been used to characterise the development of a region of enhanced cooling in a...

Parallel adaptation is common and may often occur from shared genetic variation, but the genomic consequences of this process remain poorly understood. We first use individual-based simulations to demonstrate that comparisons between populations adapted in parallel to similar environments from shared variation reveal a characteristic genomic signature around a selected locus: a low-divergence v...

Established as colonial hill stations in Indian's Doon Valley, the 1820s, Mussoorie and Landour emerged Victorian literary imagination with journals of Emily Eden, Fanny Parks, Wallace-Dunlop sisters. This paper argues that Doon's female imperial architextures invented new prospects grafting Anglo-Saxon aesthetics on Himalayan terra nullius, diminishing, miniaturizing, depopulating aspects haza...

Sheep and goat pox, peste des petits ruminants and Rift Valley fever are important diseases of small ruminant livestock. Sheep and goat pox, along with peste des petits ruminants, are endemic throughout most of Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Whereas Rift Valley fever is endemic in Africa, outbreaks in the Middle East have been reported over the past decade, including the Arabian Peninsula. S...

Alalakh (modern Tell Atchana) in the Amuq Valley of southern Turkey was the capital of the kingdom of Mukish that encompassed the valley during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages (ca. 2000–1200 B.C.). Mukish was a minor power, a vassal state within larger empires. Yet Alalakh and the Amuq region as a whole have proved to be uniquely informative about a number of important cultural developments ove...

An entrepreneurially oriented educational institution that transfers existing knowledge and/or creates new knowledge has the capacity to generate significant economic growth. This is the case of Stanford University, which had a key role in the development of Silicon Valley, reinforced by government support that made it possible for the region to become a world innovation hub, attracting and cir...

Background:   To assess the outcome of the remplissage arthroscopic surgical method in patients with anterior shoulder dislocation associated with Hill-Sachs lesion.     Methods:   Ten patients with anterior shoulder dislocations and Hill-Sachs lesions were entered into this study and were operated on by the remplissage arthroscopic surgical method. They were followed up 22 months after surgery...