background: the aim of this study was to assess the effects of road deicing salt on the quality of the ground water resources in hamadan province during winter season. methods: water samples were taken monthly from thirty wells located around the hamadan-asadabad highway. the quality of well water was examined by measuring amount of sodium, chloride, total hardness, total dissolved solid, elect...

During 1995–2010, a comparison of the comprehensive effects four different types urban roads on landscape diversity in Shanghai was performed. Remote sensing images from 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 transfer matrix mathematical model were used to conduct research, which focused studying rule land use change study area over past 15 years. Seven indices (SHDI, SHEI, ED, NP, TE, AWMSI, MSI) also sel...

reproductive age women`s experiences about empowerment in family planning: a qualitative study     kohan s [1] , simbarm [2] *, talaghani f [3]     received: 31 aug, 2012 accepted: 02 dec, 2012       abstract   background & aims : women's empowerment is a process of the expansion in women`s ability and freedom to make strategic life choices, especially empowering them for decision making a...

| This paper deals with a particular kinodynamic 4] trajectory planning problem that we call thèhighway problem'. It consists in planning a time-optimal trajectory for a vehicle which is travelling in a structured workspace amidst other vehicles and is subject to constraints on its velocity and acceleration. By structured workspace, we mean that there exists lanes within which the vehicles are ...

This annotated bibliography summarizes studies of the rural economic development implications of highway investment. Primary emphasis is on research dealing with rural areas, but some urban studies are also cited. Topics covered include the aggregate economic effects of highway investment, the effects of highway investment on business location decisions and employment expansion, the effects of ...

In maintenance of (public) infrastructures, such as the national highway network, an asset manager is responsible for high network quality and throughput, while limiting expenses to a minimum. The maintenance activities, however, are often performed by commercial contractors, mainly driven by profit. Using a network-based payment mechanism we align the objectives of both stakeholders. Nonethele...

We address efficient planning of maintenance activities in infrastructural networks, inspired by the real-world problem of servicing a highway network. A road authority is responsible for the quality, throughput and maintenance costs of the network, while the actual maintenance is performed by autonomous, third-party contractors. From a (multi-agent) planning and scheduling perspective, many in...

This paper describes the structure and implementation of the Intermodal Airport Ground Access Planning Tool (IAPT) that has been developed to provide an integrated analytical system to support airport ground access planning. The tool models the interaction between three components of the system: air passenger mode choice behavior, transportation provider competitive behavior (modeled as a gener...