While inclusion of emerging technology-based Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) devices in on-chip memory subsystems offers excellent potential for energy savings and scalability, their sensing vulnerability creates Process Variation (PV) challenges. This paper presents a circuit-architecture cross-layer solution to realize a radically-different approach to leveraging as-built variations via specific Se...

The factors which influence ethanol yield are: the quantity of fermenting sugars from raw material, the heating temperature of the mashes, the fermentation time, the distillation parameters. Out of the already-mentioned factors, the heating temperature of the mashes and the fermentation time have been studied. From the analyzed data it has been found that the highest percentage of alcohol can b...

In this study, we conducted electrical via chain yield tests for the purpose of verifying the total process performance of directed self-assembly (DSA) contact hole shrink process. DSA was utilized on the via level connecting between two metal levels. From the analysis of single via resistance data, the best process condition was determined and the via chain yield was obtained. The best yield w...

This paper presents new process monitoring strategies for low cost high density substrates manufactured on large area panels. By increasing the panel size from today’s 4 × 4 inch up to 24 × 24 inch, the EU LAP project is reaching the costs target of US$1/inch for MCM-D substrates. But therefore it is essential to keep the substrate yield on large panels as high as on small panels. With this goa...

— The inter-die and intra-die variation in process parameters (in particular, threshold voltage (Vt)) result in large number of failures in an SRAM array degrading the design yield. The adaptive repairing techniques, such as adaptive body bias, can be used to improve the design yield. However, to apply adaptive repairing techniques it is necessary to distinguish between the dies from low-Vt pro...

Temporal manipulation of the in vitro environment and growth factors can direct differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into organoids - aggregates with multiple tissue-specific cell types and three-dimensional structure mimicking native organs. A mechanistic understanding of early organoid formation is essential for improving the robustness of these methods, which is necessary prior to...

BACKGROUND Waste animal fat is a promising feedstock to replace vegetable oil that widely used in commercial biodiesel process, however the high content of free fatty acid in waste fat makes it unfeasible to be processed with commercial base-catalytic process. Enzymatic process is preferable to convert waste fat into biodiesel since enzyme can catalyze both esterification of free fatty acid and...

Drug product purity and potency are of most significance in the regulatory market as we notice many recalled batches worldwide, particularly in the US and Japan. Olmesartan Medoxomil is an anti-hypertensive drug. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of Olmesartan Medoxomil with 99.9% purity in an overall 62% yield. The synthesis includes three isolations and one purifi...