The use of public spaces can promote social cohesion and facilitate interpersonal interactions within the community. However, the ways racial and ethnic groups interact in public spaces can also reflect and influence informal segregation in the wider community. The present study aimed to examine patterns of intergroup contact within public spaces in Victoria, Australia through short-term observ...

due to the change of lifestyle and improvement of public health the number of aged people has considerably increased. considering the relationship of the environment and people, the built environment features could exacerbate or facilitate the elderly people’s vulnerability and social needs. recently, a large number of studies have put emphasis on the relationship between the neighborhoods’ ope...

question of quantity and quality of built spaces and meanings and implications inherent them, have always at the forefront of architectural researches. meanwhile, “approach to cognition” of the phenomenon of built space as well as “means of cognition” is the difference of researches and it is in question. one of the epistemology on recognition of objects which introduced in 20th century and emb...

Ljubljana has recently started to accumulate various European and global awards such as the European Green Capital 2016. ! is article analyses the city’s sustainable living policy that led to this award and assesses non-environmental factors which improve the quality of urban life – an important indicator for various city rankings. ! rough case studies of urban cycling and gardening, it focuses...

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BACKGROUND Though park presence and access disparities are well studied for their associations with physical activity (PA), disparities in the availability and quality of amenities and facilities within parks have been infrequently examined. METHODS Five hundred forty-three parks from 472 block groups in the Seattle, WA and Baltimore, MD regions were audited using the Environmental Assessment...