We asked 7 experts 7 questions to find out what has occurred recently in terms of applying formal methods (FM) to security-centric, cyber problems. We are continually reminded of the 1996 paper by Tony Hoare "How did Software Get So Reliable Without Proof?" [1] In that vein, how did we get so insecure with proof? Given daily press announcements concerning new malware, data breaches, and privacy...

We investigate cat codes that can correct multiple excitation losses and identify two types of logical errors: bit-flip errors due to excessive excitation loss and dephasing errors due to quantum backaction from the environment. We show that selected choices of logical subspace and coherent amplitude significantly reduce dephasing errors. The trade-off between the two major errors enables optim...

There are many conditions in which identification proceeds faster for the global form of a hierarchical pattern than for it's local parts. Since the global form usually contains more lower spatial frequencies than do the local forms, it has frequently been suggested that the higher transmission rate of low spatial frequencies is responsible for the global advantage. There are also functional he...

The existence of a temporal anisotropy in the integration of spatial frequencies, such that spatial frequencies are integrated more effectively if they are available from low to high through time, has been examined in a series of experiments. In the first experiment, the first three harmonics of a square wave were presented in a low-to-high or a high-to-low sequence in a temporal two-interval f...

Recent studies suggest that cross-frequency coupling (CFC) might play a functional role in neuronal computation, communication and learning. In particular, the strength of phase-amplitude CFC differs across brain areas in a task-relevant manner, changes quickly in response to sensory, motor and cognitive events, and correlates with performance in learning tasks. Importantly, whereas high-freque...

To examine interactions among spatial scales in disparity processing, we have measured the upper disparity limit for binocular single vision (the diplopia threshold) for high-spatial-frequency test stimuli in the presence of cosine gratings of lower spatial frequency that defined a surface in depth. When the frequency of this grating surface was 2.0 octaves below that of the test, the test fusi...

We show that in a spatially extended excitable medium, presently modelled with diffusively coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons, internal stochasticity is able to extract a characteristic spatial frequency of waves on the spatial grid. Internal noise is introduced via a stochastic simulation method and is the only agent acting on the system. Remarkably, the spatial periodicity is best pronounced at ...