Introduction:  The  advent  of  dual-modality  PET/CT  scanners  has  revolutionized  clinical  oncology  by  improving lesion localization and facilitating treatment planning for radiotherapy. In addition, the use of  CT images for CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) decreases the overall scanning time and creates  a noise-free  attenuation  map  (6map).  CTAC  methods  include  scaling,  s...

background: the fundamental principles of internal targeted alpha therapy for cancer were established many decades ago.the high linear energy transfer (let) of alpha radiation to the targeted cancer cellscauses double strand breaks in dna. at the same time, the short range radiation spares adjacent normal tissues. this targeted approach complements conventional external beam radiotherapy and ch...

Radiotherapy is the second most frequent type of cancer treatment after surgery and before chemotherapy. Its aim is to deliver a lethal dose to the tumour with high-energy X-rays produced by a medical linear accelerator, while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. To improve the effectiveness of X-rays, the treatment is fractioned in several sessions (e.g. five sessions per week during six or sev...

Carbon ion therapy is a type of radiotherapies that can deliver high-dose radiation to a tumor while minimizing the dose delivered to the organs at risk; this profile differs from that of photon radiotherapy. Moreover, carbon ions are classified as high-linear energy transfer radiation and are expected to be effective for even photon-resistant tumors. Recently, high-precision radiotherapy modal...

Heavy-ion radiotherapy has a potential advantage over conventional radiotherapy due to improved dose distribution and a higher biological effectiveness in cancer therapy. However, there is a little information currently available on the cellular and molecular basis for heavy-ion irradiation-induced cell death. Autophagy, as a novel important target to improve anticancer therapy, has recently at...

The first Part contains the invited talk titled “Four Ways to TeV Scale” given at the First International Workshop on Linac-Ring Type ep and γp Colliders (9-11 April 1997, Ankara, Turkey). Four known types of colliders, which may give an opportunity to achieve TeV center of mass energies in the near future (10-15 years), are discussed. Parameters of the linac-ring type ep, γp, e-nucleus and γ-n...

A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a diode detector array in measuring flatness and symmetry of x-ray and electron energies, and the ability to determine change in beam energy. The results show the diode detector array accurately measures flatness and symmetry and can accurately measure or detect change in beam energy. The evaluation also demonstrates the utility of us...

BACKGROUND In radiotherapy treatment, the calculation of radiation dose distribution in target volume lead to an optimum set of planning parameters. This worked has been aimed to compare two photon beam dose calculation algorithms in the Oncentra Treatment Planning system for Varian Linear Accelerator, to assure the quality of treatment planning. METHODS Monitor Units to be delivered on norma...

ID: 1109 Title: Integral Dose in External Beam Photon Radiotherapy Integral dose is the volume integral of the dose deposited in the patient and is equal to the mean dose times the volume. The integral dose is also the area under the curve of a differential dose absolute-volume histogram. It is widely believed that IMRT increases the integral dose to normal tissues as compared to conventional r...