Consider the hypothesis H that a defendant is guilty (a patient has condition C), and the evidence E that a majority of h out of n independent jurors (diagnostic tests) have voted for H and a minority of k:=nh against H. How likely is the majority verdict to be correct? By a formula of Condorcet, the probability that H is true given E depends only on each juror’s competence and on the absolute ...

A-nuclei (groups of regular permutations) of a quasigroup are studied. A quasigroup is A-nuclear if and only if it is group isotope. Any quasigroup with permutation medial or paramedial identity is an abelian group isotope. Definition of A-center of a quasigroup is given. A quasigroup is A-central if and only if it is abelian group isotope. If a quasigroup is central in Belyavskaya-Smith sense,...

Application conditions for rules and constraints for graphs are well-known in the theory of graph transformation and have been extended already toM-adhesive transformation systems. According to the literature we distinguish between two kinds of satisfaction for constraints, called general and initial satisfaction of constraints, where initial satisfaction is defined for constraints over an init...

I had the pleasure of renewing my acquaintance with Per Lindström at the meeting of the Seventh Scandinavian Logic Symposium, held in Uppsala in August 1996. There at lunch one day, Per said he had long been curious about the development of some of the ideas in my paper [1960] on the arithmetization of metamathematics. In particular, I had used the construction of a non-standard definition !* o...

Cluster algebras are a recent topic of study and have been shown to be a useful tool to characterize structures in several knowledge fields. An important problem is to establish whether or not a given cluster algebra is of finite type. Using the standard definition, the problem is infeasible since it uses mutations that can lead to an infinite process. Barot, Geiss and Zelevinsky (2006) present...

In this paper we prove that the maximum principle in forcing is equivalent to the axiom of choice. We also look at some specific partial orders in the basic Cohen model. Lately we have been thinking about forcing over models of set theory which do not satisfy the axiom of choice (see Miller [8, 9]). One of the first uses of the axiom of choice in forcing is: Maximum Principle p ∃x θ(x) iff ther...

According to the standard definition of anticipatory systems, anticipation is based on a predictive model of the system itself and its environment. The paper abandons this perspective of weak anticipation in favor of what has been called strong anticipation. It is proposed that anticipation is a consequence of canalization caused by the organization of the structural building-blocks of which th...

In this paper we suggest new structures for modeling games (multi-agent systems). We use prime event structures as the branching runs representing all the possible plays in games. Event structures have been already successfully applied in the theory of distributed systems [18] and several temporal logics have adopted them as frames. We show that a prime event structure extended with a utility f...

The problem of safe failure diagnosis in discrete event systems is addressed. Starting from the standard definition of diagnosability of discrete event systems, which deals with the problem of detecting the occurrence of an unobservable event using the available observations on the system, the problem of performing the detection before the system executes a forbidden string is introduced. For e...

This paper presents a Reduced-Reference based video quality estimation method suitable for individual end-user quality monitoring of IPTV services. With the proposed method, activity values (spatial frequency levels) for individual given-size pixel blocks of an original video are transmitted to end-user terminals. At the end-user terminals, the video quality of a received video is estimated on ...