Multiple-Bus architectures for multiprocessors systems are preferred by manufacturers for implementation as they are providing higher bandwidth and more reliability than single bus architectures. The key notion in such a multiple-bus system is the bus arbitration strategy which resolves request con icts and allocates buses to requesting devices. Indeed, fast and fair bus arbitration gives highe...

The AlphaServer 2100 I/O subsystem contains a dual-level I/O structure that includes the high-powered PCI local bus and the widely used EISA bus. The PCI bus is connected to the server's multiprocessing system bus through the custom-designed bridge chip. The EISA bus supports eight general-purpose EISA/ISA connectors, providing connections to plug-in, industry-standard options. Data rate isolat...

System-level buses consume much more power by orders of magnitude than on-chip buses. Existing bus encoding schemes are based on rail-to-rail CMOS bus drivers while recent high-performance devices include BiCMOS bus drivers to achieve transfer bandwidth required. BiCMOS drivers consume significant quiescent power as well as active power proportional to the bus frequency. This paper introduces a...

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) requires a differentiated approach regarding indications and extent of resection. METHODS The review summarizes the current literature on indication, timing, and surgical procedures in IPMN. RESULTS The most important differentiation has to be made between main-duct and branch-duct IPMN as well as mixed-type le...

sometimes the need for non-circular ducts arises in many heat transfer applications because of lower pressure drop of non-circular cross section such as square duct compared to circular tube, particularly in compact heat. but square cross section has poor heat transfer performance and it is expected that using a nanofluid as a new heat transfer media may improve the heat transfer performance of...

We present an agent-based model of a public bus where some passengers board and exit at every stop. Agents are the passengers characterized by their ethnicity, age group and cultural backgrounds and respective preferences for seats in the bus. Different scenarios are set up whereby the bus moves in various parts of the city, which maybe segregated residentially, university campuses, and areas o...

The use of dedicated bus shoulders is a key method for implementing bus rapid transit (BRT) in areas that do not have the space for additional infrastructure. However, the narrow width of the bus shoulder and the need to anticipate traffic hazards in the adjacent lane can both be significant stressors for bus drivers. Bus driver mental workload and stress in response to these conditions should ...

The emergence of new bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in recent years has prompted transit agencies across North America to establish new and unique identity programs that communicate various benefits of improved bus service. These identities and brands, however, rely largely on perception and emotional reaction, which are difficult to quantify. This lack of “hard data” makes the efficacy of ide...

This paper outlines a scheduling process for improving high-frequency bus service reliability based on a model which uses Automatic Vehicle Location and Automatic Passenger Count data. Developing a schedule for high-frequency bus routes involves balancing the costs to the passengers and the cost to the transit agency. Passengers are interested in short travel times and short, reliable waiting t...

Bus-driver’s task is to manoeuvre their bus through the chaotic reality on the roads, in a predictable way (following the timetables). In order to do so the bus-driver is equipped with various tools including a communication system. It has become evident that this communication system is inadequate to support the drivers' efforts to create efficient traffic flow. Facing a new generation of comm...