A diploid/triploid karyotype is an uncommon but important cause of true hermaphroditism and ambiguous genitalia. Individuals have a recognisable phenotype and characteristic hydatidiform placental changes. We report a 46,XX/69,XXY chimeric hermaphrodite. This case highlights the typical features (large placenta, intrauterine growth retardation, asymmetric growth, cranio-facial anomalies, syndac...

Equations are derived for the effective sizes of gynodioecious populations with respect to both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes (N(ec) and N(en), respectively). Compared to hermaphroditism, gynodioecy generally reduces effective population sizes for both kinds of loci to an extent depending on the frequency of females, the sex determination system, and the selfing rate of hermaphrodites. This red...