the objective followed in this study was to investigate the transport and degradation of herbicides under different herbigation vs. conventional spraying systems in soil. metribuzin and potassium bromide (kbr) were applied in soil plots by four application methods, including conventional spraying without delay in initial irrigation (cs1), conventional spraying with an initial 24-h delay in irri...

Selectable marker genes (SMGs) have been extraordinarily useful in enabling plant transformation because of the low efficiency of transgene integration. The most used SMGs encode proteins resistant to antibiotics or herbicides and use negative selection, i.e., by killing nontransgenic tissue. However, there are perceived risks in wide-scale deployment of SMG-transgenic plants, and therefore res...

A new biosensor was designed for the assessment of aquatic environment quality. Three microalgae were used as toxicity bioindicators: Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These microalgae were immobilized in alginate and silica hydrogels in a two step procedure. After studying the growth rate of entrapped cells, chlorophyll fluorescence was measure...

In a previously reported model study, sugarcane was genetically engineered with the pat gene conferring resistance to the herbicide Buster®. The sugarcane cultivar used in that work was NCo310, which is no longer grown commercially but responds well to tissue culture and transformation. The field performance of the herbicide resistant sugarcane was assessed and stable transgene expression obser...

The herbicide glyphosate is effectively detoxified by N-acetylation. We screened a collection of microbial isolates and discovered enzymes exhibiting glyphosate N-acetyltransferase (GAT) activity. Kinetic properties of the discovered enzymes were insufficient to confer glyphosate tolerance to transgenic organisms. Eleven iterations of DNA shuffling improved enzyme efficiency by nearly four orde...

Liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography are traditional herbicide residue determination methods for environmental samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solventless, fast, and sensitive alternative herbicide residue extraction method that can be applied to numerous environmental matrices. The obje...

The laboratory experiments tested the influence of selected pesticides on the symbiotic efficiency and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium leguminosarumin bv. trifolii KGL, Sinorhizobiuni melilotii Bp and Badyrhizobium sp. Ornithopus B bacteria entering into symbiosis with clover, lucerne and serradella, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the pesticides used in the experiments (Funa...

sunflower (helinathus annuus) is a susceptible host to the holoparasite hemp broomrape (orobanche ramosa) in central parts of iran, causing yield loss due to severe infestations. a field study was conducted in 2006 to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate for controlling the parasitic weed hemp broomrape in sunflower. glyphosate was applied once or twice at five rates ranging from 0.075 to 0.450 ...

abstract to study the effect of nitrogen application and 2-4-d on weed density and weed architecture in winter wheat an experiment was conducted at agricultural research site, university of mohaghegh ardabili, ardabil in 2009. treatments were two nitrogen levels (no fertilizer and 150 kgnha-1 application) with or without 2-4-d (1.5 kg ai ha-1). results showed that nitrogen application had no si...

The aim of this paper is to describe the evaluation of engineered herbicide-resistance in transgenic sugarcane of Herbicide treatment of crops allows economic weed control. To be useful, herbicides must distinguish between crop plant variety NCo3 10 under field conditions. and weed, and this often limits usage. Engineering herbicide resistance into crop plants via genetic transformation techniq...