Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids have been combined with pertussis antigens and used as a combination DTP vaccine since the 1940s. More recently, this DTP combination has been used as the basis for the development of combination vaccines containing additional vaccine antigens added singly or in additional combinations such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B and inactivated poliovirus, ...

Introduction. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are more likely to have severe morbidity and fatality rate due to superimposed acute or chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection. The literature has shown that hepatitis B vaccines are safe and effective in patients with CLD, but the data in cirrhosis liver is lacking. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of HBV vaccine in patients with ci...

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of hepatitis B vaccination schedules and types of vaccines on hepatitis B vaccination timing. METHODS We used data for 211 643 children from demographic and health surveys in 47 low- and middle-income countries (median study year 2012). Data were from vaccination cards and maternal interviews. We grouped countries according to the vaccination schedule and type ...

background: poor response to various vaccines especially hepatitis b is common. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis b vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.methods: in this randomized clinical trial study, 62 insulin dependent diabetic patients were divided into case and control groups (e...

Objective (s):The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between vaccine therapy and appearance of mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients. Materials and Methods: 16 patients received the HBV vaccine and another 16 individuals from the control group did not. The surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced from samples...

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a disease of major public health importance in sub-Saharan Africa. Immunoregulation begins early in schistosome infection and is characterized by hyporesponsiveness to parasite and bystander antigens, suggesting that a schistosome infection at the time of immunization could negatively impact the induction of protective vaccine responses. This study examined whether...

Acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy. The course of most viral hepatitis infections (e.g., hepatitis A, B, C and D) is unaffected by pregnancy, however, a more severe course of viral hepatitis in pregnancy has been observed in patients with hepatitis E. Notwithstanding, opinions differ over the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy associated with viral hepa...

The aim was to determine whether the immunogenicity of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine (spHB) is at least as high as that of a licensed control vaccine, Engerix B, and to evaluate its safety before inclusion in new pediatric combination vaccines. Two randomized, controlled, blind-observer, Phase 3 trials were performed: one in Argentina (344 participants aged 10-15 years, 10 microg HBsAg...

CONTEXT Eight or more vaccines may be indicated for adults in the United States. Determining if any vaccines are needed requires integrating information on the patient's demographic and behavioral risk factors and health status, the health status of the patient's close contacts, and the patient's immunization history. This process can be time consuming for providers and their staff. We used pat...

Most hepatitis B (HB) vaccines are based on recombinant major S protein produced and purified from yeast. To decrease the number of vaccinations, several combination vaccines have been developed, and are commonly used for infant [1-3]. These include HB combined with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTaP–IPV–HB vaccine); combined hepatitis A and HB va...