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Bivalve hemocytes are involved in a variety of physiological and immunological functions. Circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph represent the main component of the internal self-defense system while hemocytes present in the extrapallial space (between the mantle and the shell) are actively involved in biomineralization and shell formation. This study focused on the characterization of hemocyte...

crude oil is enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). many pah analogs have proved to potentially damage dna. dna damage can be assessed using various biomarkers to find out the degree of genotoxicity of pollutants following in vitro exposure. in this research the comet assay and micronucleus (mn) test were used to detect dna damages and cytogenetic changes following crude oil expos...

the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner), which is known as one of the most important economic pests, can cause severe damage to different crops in iran and many countries of the world. the effect of five maize hybrids: sc260, sc500, sc700, sc704 and dc370 on lysozyme activity in the hemolymph of sixth instar of h. armigera using lytic zone assay and its association with some fitness ...

Geographic distribution limits of ectothermal animals appear to be correlated with thermal tolerance thresholds previously identified from the onset of anaerobic metabolism. Transition to these critical temperatures was investigated in the spider crab (Maja squinado) with the goal of identifying the physiological processes limiting thermal tolerance. Heart and ventilation rates as well as PO(2)...

Within 4 days following entry into estivation, heat dissipation and oxygen consumption by the land snail Oreohelix spp. decreased by 83 % compared to standard non-estivating rates. During both non-estivating and estivating conditions, the quantity of heat dissipated per mole of O2 consumed was indicative of a completely aerobic metabolism. This calorimetric-respirometric (C/R) ratio was — 461 ±...

The comet assay was used to study the sensitivity of the widely distributed freshwater bivalve mollusk Corbicula fluminea to the DNA-damaging alkylating-agent methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). This study was undertaken to ascertain if C. fluminea is a good bioindicator of pollutants in aquatic environments and identify which C. fluminea tissue is most effective and practical for genotoxicity studi...

Juvenile hormone (JH) is essential for multiple physiological processes: it controls larval development, metamorphosis and adult reproduction. In insect hemolymph more than 99 % of JH is bound to juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP), which protects JH from degradation by nonspecific hydrolases and serves as a carrier to supply the hormone to the target tissues. In Galleria mellonella hemolym...

Lipids due to its hydrophobic nature are transported in the hemolymph mainly by lipoproteic fractions. In the present work we studied the lipoproteic fractions present in the hemolymph of the spider Grammostola rosea. Through ultracentrifugation two lipoproteic fractions are isolated, one of high density named Gr-HDL (δ = 1.13 1.15 g/ml) and the other of very high density called Gr-VHDL (δ = 1....

Manduca sexta (Ms) larvae are known to efficiently excrete ingested nicotine when feeding on their nicotine-producing native hostplant, Nicotiana attenuata. Here we describe how ingested nicotine is co-opted for larval defense by a unique mechanism. Plant-mediated RNAi was used to silence a midgut-expressed, nicotine-induced cytochrome P450 6B46 (CYP6B46) in larvae consuming transgenic N. atten...