The use of microwave radiation to drive chemical reactions has become ubiquitous in almost all fields of chemistry. In all of these areas it is principally due to rapid and convenient heating resulting in significantly higher rates of reaction, with other advantages including enhanced product selectivity and control of materials properties. Although microwave heating continues to grow as an ena...

One of the challenges using nanoparticles as catalysts is presence reaction-disturbing stabilizers that surround nanoparticle surface. In this report, we demonstrate a method to synthesize stabilizer-free bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) increase photocatalytic activity. This synthesis remarkably simple, involving only BiCl3 and deionized water. After heating an aqueous solution containing BiCl3, pl...

Mixtures of a copper complex and copper fine particles as copper-based metal-organic decomposition (MOD) dispersions have been demonstrated to be effective for low-temperature sintering of conductive copper film. However, the copper particle size effect on decomposition process of the dispersion during heating and the effect of organic residues on the resistivity have not been studied. In this ...

TiO2 nano-particles were used in electroless plating bath to obtain Ni/P/nano-composite coatings. The coatings were heat treated at 200, 400, 600 and 700 oC and their chemical and physical properties were investigated and it was found that 400 oC was the optimum temperature for the heat treatment of the coatings. The micro-hardness test of coatings showed that t...

Decentralized energy supply systems (DESS) are highly integrated and complex systems designed to meet time-varying energy demands, e.g., heating, cooling, and electricity. The synthesis problem of DESS addresses combining various types of energy conversion units, choosing their sizing and operations to maximize an objective function, e.g., the net present value. In practice, investment costs an...

In this work, the results of a study comparing the use of irradiation from different regions of the infrared spectrum for the promotion of several organic reactions, are presented and discussed. This use of eco-conditions provides a green approach to chemical synthesis. A set of ten different organic reactions were evaluated, including the Knoevenagel, Hantzsch, Biginelli and Meldrum reactions....

Nanoparticles of lanthanum-strontium manganite were synthesized via different methods, namely, sol-gel method, precipitation from non-aqueous solution, and precipitation from reversal microemulsions. It was shown that the use of organic compounds and non-aqueous media allowed significantly decreasing of the crystallization temperature of nanoparticles, and the single-phased crystalline product ...

Up to now, researchers have proposed several synthesis methods for the preparation of β-nickel(II) hydroxide nanostructures. Most of these approaches contain harsh synthetic conditions such as multi-step processes, high temperatures and long reaction time. In this work, a novel, facile and low cost method is introduced to produce of β-Ni(OH)2 nanostructures using the gas-solution precipitation ...

Full-thermodynamic device simulation solves drift-diffusion (DD), energy balance, and lattice self-heating equations simultaneously and the solution time is extensive. An algorithm to reduce the solution time is presented. The method uses a single lattice temperature to describe the self-heating in the whole semiconductor device. It is shown that the solution time is reduced by 20% and little e...

A great deal of time is spent within synthetic chemistry laboratories on non-value-adding activities such as sample preparation and work-up operations, and labour intensive activities such as extended periods of continued data collection. Using digital cameras connected to computer vision algorithms, camera-enabled apparatus can perform some of these processes in an automated fashion, allowing ...