This paper presents a theoretical and practical analysis of the application of the thermoeconomic method. A furnace for heating air is evaluated using the methodology. The furnace works with solar energy, received from a parabolic trough collector and with electricity supplied by an electric power utility. The methodology evaluates the process by the first and second law of thermodynamics as th...

The preparation of 2D-layered C@TiN: Ti3C2 MXenes were synthesized via the previous reported paper. Typically, 1 g Ti3AlC2 (purchased from FORSMAN Company, China) was added into 15 mL 40% HF solution. The solution was stirred for 120 h at 40 oC. After the HF etching, the material was centrifuged and washed in deionized water until pH~7. The Ti3C2 MXene was obtained after drying at 50 oC for 12h...

A retail store, especially a grocery store, has a high energy density due to decorative illumination and refrigerated cabinets. The purpose of this paper is to measure and analyse energy consumption of a grocery store and develop an energy demand model. The measurement revealed that energy consumption of refrigeration accounts for 60% of the total consumption and an air leakage has an effect on...

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) gas-insulated electrical equipment is widely used in high-voltage (HV) and extra-high-voltage (EHV) power systems. Partial discharge (PD) and local heating can occur in the electrical equipment because of insulation faults, which results in SF₆ decomposition and ultimately generates several types of decomposition products. These SF₆ decomposition products can be qualit...

Consulting engineers who design school facilities are challenged with controlling space humidity while also providing continuous ventilation as required by ASHRAE Standard 62-1999, now part of most major building codes. What would appear to be a simple design process is complicated by various logistical and operational factors. Schools, by nature, have a high occupant density which results in l...

Since the energy consumption has become one of the crisis of modern buildings, modeling the Iranian past architecture patterns could be helpful. The shopping streets as one of the main sectors consuming energy locate near the open spaces it seems, therefore, they need more thermal comfort. However, using passive techniques, the Iranian traditional bazaars architecture solved the problems regard...

The determination of conditions necessary to adequately heat sterilize various media is a problem of considerable importance in the fermentation and food industries, or other such areas where a lack of sterile techniques preclude satisfactory performance. Until recently, however, practical ways to handle this problem were either wholly empirical ones, or theoretical ones which depended on some ...

The presence of highly heat-resistant spores of Bacillus sporothermodurans in ultrahigh-temperature or sterilized consumer milk has emerged as an important item in the dairy industry. Their presence is considered undesirable since they hamper the achievement of commercial sterility requirements. By using a selective 30-min heat treatment at 100 degrees C, 17 Belgian dairy farms were screened to...

In this study, heat transfer and aerosol deposition in the under-floor and baseboard heating systems have been investigated, numerically. The aim of this study is a comparison between these heating systems. This comparison obtains the optimal heating system with low suspended particles in the air. Computational fluid dynamic with Eulerian-Lagrangian method has been used to simulate fluid and pa...