BACKGROUND After tracheostomy, the airway lacks an essential mechanism for warming and humidifying the inspired air with the consequent functional impairment and discomfort. The purpose of this study was to compare airway hydration with cold-air nebulization versus heated high-flow humidification on medical interventions and tracheal ciliary beat frequency (CBF). METHODS Newly tracheostomized...

background central dialysate fluid delivery systems (cdds) are used by dialysis centers in japan, and although these systems are effective at delivering dialysate, they have a complex piping network with numerous sites where contamination can develop. in japan, cleaning disinfectants have been clinically evaluated based on endotoxin levels and bacterial counts, but there have been no published ...

It is shown that when dilute rabbit serum rich in agglutinin for the hog cholera bacillus is heated at 75 degrees C. for 20 minutes and the bacilli incubated with the heated serum, agglutination fails to result on the addition of unheated immune serum. When the immune serum is first heated to 80 degrees C., it no longer greatly inhibits secondary agglutination when the organisms are exposed to ...

Cold passover and heated humidifiers are employed for the prevention of side-effects associated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. However, to date, it has not been possible to separately measure the humidity of inspired and expired air. The aim of this study was to compare the relative humidity of the inspired air and the water loss during respiration between cold passo...

Aero-optic measurements of turbulent boundary layers were performed in wind tunnels at the University of Notre Dame and California Institute of Technology for heated walls at a range of Reynolds numbers. Temporally resolved measurements of wavefronts were collected at a range of Mach numbers between 0.03 and 0.4 and the range of Reθ between 1,700 and 20,000. Wavefront spectra for both heated an...

We present a comprehensive critical review of well-established satellite remote sensing water indices and offer novel, robust Augmented Normalized Difference Water Index (ANDWI). ANDWI employs an expanded set spectral bands, RGB, NIR, SWIR1-2, to maximize the contrast between non-water pixels. Further, we implement dynamic thresholding method, Otsu algorithm, enhance ANDWI's performance. Applie...

To monitor and detect the events of landslide, rock-fall along the banks of the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges area, the differential INSAR technique with corner reflectors (CR-Based INSAR) might be more effective than the conventional geological, and discrete GPS measurement techniques, conventional D-INSAR, as well as nature persistent scatterers method. Unfortunately, in most places of th...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The influence of temperature on the timing of budbreak in woody perennials is well known, but its effect on subsequent shoot growth and architecture has received little attention because it is understood that growth is determined by current temperature. Seasonal shoot development of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) was evaluated following differences in temperature near budbreak ...

Six workers exposed as bystanders to heated triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) developed occupational asthma confirmed by serial peak expiratory flow measurement and Oasys analysis. Specific inhalation challenge testing resulted in late or dual asthmatic reactions to heated TGIC in four of four tested and was negative in three control asthmatics. One worker tested only with unheated TGIC had a neg...