The main objective of this thesis is to develop a systematic methodology for cost-effective thermal integration of production plant sections and the utility system of an industrial site. A production plant section is a subprocess of a production process that transforms materials into intermediate or end products. A production process is built up from a group of these sections or sub-processes l...

Austria aims at increasing its share of renewable energy production by 11% until 2020. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants fired by forest wood can significantly contribute to attaining this target. However, the spatial distribution of biomass supply and of heat demand limits the potentials of CHP production. This paper assesses CHP potentials using a mixed integer programming model that optim...

The objective of the study is to analyse the conditions for connection of residential buildings in heat sparse areas to district heating systems in order to increase electricity production in municipal combined heat and power plants. The European electricity market has been assumed to be fully deregulated. The relation between connection of heat sparse areas, increased electricity and heat prod...

Electrothermal energy storage (ETES) provides bulk electricity storage based on heat pump and heat engine technologies. A subcritical ETES is described in this paper. Based on the extremum principle of entransy dissipation, a geometry model is developed for heat transfer optimization for subcritical ETES. The exergy during the heat transfer process is deduced in terms of entropy production. The...

We measured metabolic heat production (Ḣm) of perching and foraging Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) to determine if the heat produced during foraging activity, or exercise thermogenesis, could replace thermoregulatory heat production requirements. Ḣm and activity of chickadees in winter were measured at ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 211.5u to 15.5uC. Mean activity amplit...