For many countries, increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are key countermeasures to cope with the energy crisis and climate change. Of the various heating equipment such as heat pumps, gas-fired boilers, oil-fired boilers, or electric boilers, heat pumps are widely adopted for space heating, water heating, and process heating by households, business, and industry d...

in this paper, the heat balance of an engine was investigated experimentally. the experimental work was conducted on the ef7 natural gas fueled and turbocharged engine. the main goal was to develop an empirical equation to be able to predict the heat balance of the engine at various loads and conditions. the data were collected at four different conditions, two different loads and two different...

    Given the need to increase the efficiency of heat transfer in thermal systems, especially systems using nanofluids in microscale and nanoscale heat transfer equipment ideas to improve their performance is very good.In present study, the flow and heat transfer of Water-Cu nanofluid in micro-tube with slip regime with constant wall heat flux numerically simulated with low Reynolds numbers. Sl...

Heat is a primary byproduct of landfilling of municipal solid waste. Long-term elevated temperatures have been reported for MSW landfills under different operational conditions and climatic regions around the world. A conceptual framework is presented for management of the heat generated in MSW landfills. Three main strategies are outlined: extraction, regulation, and supplementation. Heat extr...

Heat stress in feedlot cattle causes reduced performance, and in the most severe cases, death of the animals, thus causing the loss of millions of dollars in revenue to the cattle industry. A study was designed to evaluate dynamics of thermoregulation and feeding activities when feeder cattle were exposed to simulated heat waves, in comparison with repeated sinusoidal hot and thermoneutral envi...

In the presented research, heat transfer of a mobile electrolyte alkaline fuel cell (AFC) (which the electrolyte has cooling role of system) has been considered. Proper control volumes of system with specific qualification have been chosen. Consequently, heat and mass transfer in control volumes have been assessed. Considerations on them and contributed models lead to approve a double tube heat...

Nanofluid is a new class of heat transfer fluids engineered by dispersing metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles with a typical size of less than 100 nm in the conventional heat transfer fluids.This article aims to investigate the overall and convection heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of Al2O3-water nanofluid flowing in a horizontal double pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow (...

Analysis of global energy efficiency of thermal systems is of practical importance for a number of reasons. Cycles and processes used in thermal systems exist in very different configurations, making comparison difficult if specific models are required to analyze specific thermal systems. Thermal systems with small temperature differences between a hot side and a cold side also suffer from diff...

Cerebral ischaemia is considered to be an important cause of central nervous system dysfunction in heat stress. We hypothesized that heat stress would alter the reactivity of isolated carotid artery to vasoactive agents. Carotid arteries were isolated from broiler chickens maintained either at 23-24 degrees C with 55-65% humidity (control conditions) or exposed to 40 +/- 1 degrees C with 35% hu...

Hot weather is an important determinant of human mortality. In the United States, a major heat wave can cause literally thousands of excess deaths in a given summer. Yet, for purposes of public health, the term "heat wave" is not easily defined. "Hot" is a relative term, and periods of hot weather (heat waves) vary greatly in intensity and duration. Ambient temperatures may change rapidly, and ...