background because of difficulty in obtaining a 24-hour urine collection in children, a random sample of urine is often used to calculate the urinary calcium to creatinine ratio. urinary calcium excretion might be influenced by genetic, geographic area, etc. in this study, the value of urinary calcium, creatinine, sodium and potassium excretion and age–related reference values for urine calcium...

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of asthma on oro-facial muscle dysfunction (OFD) and oral health-related quality life (OHRQoL) in children. Materials Method: A total 158 children, 79 diagnosed with healthy, were included study. Children divided into controlled uncontrolled groups. The OFD OHRQoL all participants evaluated Nordic Orofacial Test Screening (NOT-S) Child Perce...

introduction: the present post-eventual research study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the memory performance between two distinct groups of 50 healthy children and 50 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) children (25 girls and 25 boys) in tehran with an age range of 10-12. methods: the whole students were selected through simple random sampling method and were assessed i...

Background: Assessment of myocardial function is essential in heart disease, but in regard to systolic and diastolic functions such evaluation has limitation. Ejection fraction is difficult to assess in abnormally-shaped ventricles, and diastolic inflow velocity pattern may be fused because of tachycardia. Objective: A myocardial performance index (MPI) or Tei index has been developed for adult...

We present a field experiment to study the effects of non-monetary incentives on healthy food choices 282 children in elementary schools. Previous interventions have typically paid participants for eating, but this often may not be feasible. introduce system where items are graded based their nutritional value, involving parents or classmates as change agents by providing them with information ...