While transparency in financial markets should enhance liquidity, its exploitation by unethical and parasitic traders discourages others from fully embracing disclosure of their own information. Traders exploit both the private information in upstairs markets used to trade large orders outside traditional exchanges and the public information present in exchanges’ quoted limit order books. Using...

Optical or lambda exchanges have emerged to interconnect networks, providing dynamic switching capabilities on OSI layer 1 and layer 2. So far, the only inter-domain dynamics have occurred on layer 3, the IP layer. This new functionality in the data plane has consequences on the control plane. We explain this by comparing optical exchanges with current Internet exchanges. Descriptions of optica...

Federal and state agencies are investing substantial resources in the creation of community health information exchanges, which are consortia that enable independent health care organizations to exchange clinical data. However, under pressure to form accountable care organizations, medical groups may merge and support private health information exchanges. Such activity could reduce the potentia...

The authors propose an analytic model that deals with both behavioral considerations between exchange partners and the determination of relational marketing efforts over time. On the basis of the behavioral marketing literature, they consider three main factors that drive the levels of relational commitments between two exchange partners: the trust/distrust component, the opportunism component,...

We study the structure of markets when traders are given the opportunity to create their own market, as on the internet. On the internet, public exchanges have in many cases been replaced by private exchanges. We use experiments to investigate possible reasons for the failure of public exchanges. In our experimental markets, when traders make an offer, they decide whom to inform about the offer...

The five studies of this special section investigate the role of models and similar representational tools in interdisciplinarity. These studies were all written by philosophers of science, who focused on interdisciplinary episodes between disciplines and sub-disciplines ranging from physics, chemistry and biology to the computational sciences, sociology and economics. The reasons we present th...

An emerging way to sell and buy display ads on the Internet is via ad exchanges. RightMedia [1], AdECN [2] and DoubleClick Ad Exchange [3] are examples of such real-time two-sided markets. We describe an abstraction of ad exchanges. Based on that abstraction, we present several research directions and discuss some insights.

We present first results of our project on the generation of contextually adequate greeting exchanges in video role playing games. To make greeting exchanges computable, an analysis of the factors influencing greeting behavior as well as the factors influencing greeting exchanges is given. Based on the politeness model proposed by Brown & Levinson (1987) we develop a simple algorithm for the ge...

patients with lower peritoneal membrane solute Introduction transport characteristics. There is yet another method, which I call a combinaAutomated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is a method tion PD because it is neither exclusively nocturnal nor where exchanges are performed mostly without active continuous. In this method, nocturnal exchanges are participation of a person but by a pre-set peritone...