introduction and aims: considering high prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in iran and need for its prevention, determination of causes and risk factors can help health policy makers in control of disease. materials and methods: all blood donors of tehran city from april 1997 to march 2000 were studied in a case control design. hbsag positive donors who were referred to hepatitis consultatio...

background: autism spectrum disorder (asd) is a neurological disorder typically appearing before the age of three . the exact cause of autism remains uncertain, and several factors may be involved in its onset: genetic factors and possible environmental factors. the aim of this study was to assess the correlates of autism in the lebanese population. methods: we investigated the association of a...

results males (8,593 patients) were more likely to have eye trauma than females (1,262). the mean age for the outpatient cases was 20.3 ± 16.39 years and for the inpatient cases it was 22.7 ± 18.95 years. the workplace was the most common site for trauma and the cornea was the most reported anatomically injured site. for those patients who had not used safety and protection equipment, 93.1% wer...

background: escherichia coli is one of the most important pathogens which could be transmitted by milk. the main aim of the present study was to assess risk factors related to the occurrence of e. coli in fluid milk marketed in chittagong, bangladesh. methods: totally, 169 milk samples were collected from different entry points in chittagong, bangladesh; and also, 17 samples were directly colle...

objective: low back pain is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide that 50% to 80% of people experience it at least once in their lifetime. physical and psychological factors in the work environment can relatively contribute to low back pain. in this study, we examined the prevalence of low back pain and influential factors in its development among nursing staff.   methods: in this cross-s...

abstract background and purpose : stroke is a leading cause of death and functional disability. while there have been major advances regarding the management of stroke, a significant proportion of people are still unaware of stroke-related symptoms and risk factors. this study was performed to assess the public awareness and attitude of stroke warning signs and risk factors among a sample of ir...

introduction: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have a well-known effect on the development of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas, but such a role for opium is questionable. this study was designed to assess the correlation between opium inhalation and cancer of the larynx and upper esophagus. materials and methods: fifty eight patients with laryngeal cancer, ninety eight patients wit...

objective: to determine the prevalence of fractures and associated risk factors in healthy iranian children and adolescents. methods: in this cross sectional population based study, 478 healthy iranian children and adolescents aged 9–18 years old participated. baseline data and bone mineral content and density have been determined. one questionnaire was completed for all individuals including p...

background: motorcycle has been one of the vital modes of transportation worldwide. it is quite difficult to identify the risk factors that affect muscular discomfort among motorcyclist due to not much research having been carried out on the motorcyclist. the purpose of this study was to have a better understanding of the risk factors of muscular discomfort among motorcyclist due to motorcycle ...

the prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes including obesity has increased over the past few years in iran. the increase in these diseases has been associated with increased urbanization and lifestyle changes. the burden of non-communicable diseases (ncd) is increasing in low and middle-income countries. the aim of this report is to address the threat of ncds ...