To protect the security and privacy of electronic medical records, it is often necessary to employ a variety of security mechanisms such as encryption, integrity control, authentication, and access control. This paper proposes a framework that extends HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) documents with markups from XML based security standards, including eXtensible Access Control Markup Lan...

Motivated by the need for readily available data for testing an open-source health information exchange platform, we developed and evaluated two methods for generating synthetic messages. The methods used HL7 version 2 messages obtained from the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Data from both methods were analyzed to assess how effectively the output reflected original 'real-world' data. The M...

Interoperability in healthcare is a requirement for effective communication between entities, to ensure timely access to up to-date patient information and medical knowledge, and thus facilitate consistent patient care. An interoperability framework called the Health Service Bus (HSB), based on the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) middleware software architecture is presented here as a solution to ...

Interoperability is essential to address limitations caused by the ad hoc implementation of clinical information systems and the distributed nature of modern medical care. The HL7 V2 and V3 standards have played a significant role in ensuring interoperability for healthcare. FHIR is a next generation standard created to address fundamental limitations in HL7 V2 and V3. FHIR is particularly rele...

Due to the low voltage of PV module and enable AC technology, where every has its own DC-AC converter, this paper introduces a new high step-up seven-level two-stage multilevel inverter for grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) system. The introduced schematic consists two stages. first stage is switched capacitor boost converter second seven-switches inverter. designed extract maximum power input v...