BACKGROUND The main goal of this study is to examine the associations between illness conditions and out-of-pocket medical expenditure with other types of household consumptions. In November and December of 2011, a survey was conducted in three cities in western China, namely Lan Zhou, Gui Lin and Xi An, and their surrounding rural areas. RESULTS Information on demographics, income and consum...

INTRODUCTION Low and middle income countries bear the majority burden of self-harm, yet there is a paucity of evidence detailing risk-factors for self-harm in these populations. This study aims to identify environmental, socio-economic and demographic household-level risk factors for self-harm in five impoverished urban communities in Johannesburg, South Africa. METHODS Annual serial cross-se...

This paper investigates the effect of price variations on the diet composition in Britain. It describes the dynamics of food demand in relation to food prices over time using data from the British National Food Survey (NFS) covering the period 1975-2000. Demand elasticities with respect to price elasticities are estimated by solving a quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) model controll...

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between neighborhood factors and adolescent victimization for low- and high-risk areas of Milwaukee, Wis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we compared neighborhood characteristics based on the US Census Database by rates of adolescent victim rates as measured through victim client enrollment in an adolescent violence intervention program. Multiple reg...

The focus of this research is to present a theoretical model of averting actions that households take to avoid exposure to Yersinia enterocolitica in contaminated food. The cost of illness approach only takes into account the value of a cure, while the averting behavior approach can estimate the value of preventing the illness. The household, rather than the individual, is the unit of analysis ...

Fully two decades since the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa has been characterized as a major economic development crisis, there remains a dearth of micro-level information on the impacts of the disease on rural African households and their responses, although this is fortunately beginning to change. This paper uses nationally representative longitudinal survey data on 5,420 rural farm households i...

Inflation has distributional effects. Leveraging data on consumption expenditure of goods across households provided in the Spanish Household Budget Survey we estimate household-specific inflation from 2006 to 2021 Spain and analyse how it varies according households’ known characteristics. We show that with lower income, more members whose head is less educated, older, male experience higher i...

This paper investigates the implications of major financial markets crises for the human capital accumulation decisions of households. We use data for Argentinean households over the period 1995-2002 to examine households’ response to negative idiosyncratic income shocks in different macroeconomic scenarios. In particular we study how teenagers’ school progress responds to household head unempl...