Acute unilateral peripheral and central vestibular lesions can cause similar signs and symptoms, but they require different diagnostics and management. We therefore correlated clinical signs to differentiate vestibular neuritis (40 patients) from central "vestibular pseudoneuritis" (43 patients) in the acute situation with the final diagnosis assessed by neuroimaging. Skew deviation was the onl...

Studies of center of mass (COM) motion are fundamental to understanding the dynamics of animal movement, and have been carried out extensively for terrestrial and aerial locomotion. But despite a large amount of literature describing different body movement patterns in fishes, analyses of how the center of mass moves during undulatory propulsion are not available. These data would be valuable f...

BACKGROUND Vertigo is a common and diagnostic challenge faced by clinicians. OBJECTIVE This article discusses the assessment of patients with vertigo. DISCUSSION The clinical assessment aims to: establish the presence of true vertigo, differentiate between vertigo of central or peripheral origins, and to evaluate the need for urgent investigations and referrals. Peripheral causes of vertigo...

The deformation of the ground surface that is produced by frost heave has motivated almost a century of concerted laboratory, field and theoretical studies. Well before the development of equipment capable of resolving the microscopic films that support liquid transport towards growing ice lenses, early investigators predicted their occurrence and noted their importance. Idealized experiments c...

The UK has a wide variety of hypogenic caves, including transverse maze caves, relict hydrothermal caves, gypsum mazes and hypogenic karst associated with water rising up deep thrust faults. While few of these are particularly extensive, they offer insights into the mechanisms of speleogenesis and mineralisation. The best developed hypogenic caves in the UK are in the Carboniferous limestones o...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We report a novel finding of caloric conversion from normal responses into unilateral paresis during the acute phase of vestibular neuritis (VN). METHODS We recruited 893 patients with a diagnosis of VN at Dizziness Clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from 2003 to 2014 after excluding 28 patients with isolated inferior divisional VN (n=14) and those wit...

The O’Neill-Miller model of frost heave, which takes account of a partially frozen fringe between the frozen and unfrozen soil, is used to study the mechanism of differential frost heave, which is a possible cause of earth hummocks and stone circles. In order to facilitate this study, the model must firstly be generalised to three dimensions, which requires a modification, due to Gilpin, of Mil...

8 The formation of rhythmic lenses of ice in freezing soils is an intriguing geo9 physical phenomenon that is not fully understood, despite much experimental and 10 theoretical work over the past century. We review proposed mathematical models 11 of ice lens growth and frost heave, from early capillary theories and models based 12 on the concept of a frozen fringe, to more recent advances that ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether saccadic velocity in the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) test is a reliable indicator of vestibular loss at the acute and at the chronic stage in patients suffering from different vestibular pathologies. METHODS Thirty-five normal subjects and 57 patients suffering from different vestibular pathologies associated with unilateral vestibular loss (UVL) o...