The main role of smart antennasis to mitigate Multiple Access Interference (MAI) by beamforming (Spatial filtering) operation. In addition to MAI, the performance of receivers is limited by fast fading. In this context, we propose in this paper a hybrid scheme of beamforming and diversity called HBF (Hierarchical Beamforming) and we propose a system model for the mathematical characterization o...

Thirty-two patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies were studied for hemoglobin-F as an indicator for fetal erythropoiesis. Two different patterns of response were noted. One group of patients who had an elevated HbF level prior to marrow grafting later showed a marked reactivation of HbF synthesis, whereas the other group of patients who had normal HbF le...

The effect of a-amino-N-butyric acid (aABA) on fetal hemoglobin production in the adult was examined in vivo after being administered to normal and anemic baboons and in erythroid progenitor cell cultures. Infusion of aABA for five days resulted in fourto fivefold increases in the level of F reticulocytes of normal or chronically anemic baboons. The induction of HbF by aABA was strikingly enhan...

Recent molecular studies of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) regulation have reinvigorated the field and shown promise for the development of clinical HbF inducers to be used in patients with β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. However, while numerous promising inducers of HbF have been studied in the past in β-thalassemia patient populations, with limited success in some cases, no universally effecti...

This paper studies the cross-layer challenges and performance of Hybrid Beamforming (HBF) Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) in 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks with full-stack TCP/IP traffic MAC scheduling. While previous research on HBF MU-MIMO has focused link-level analysis full-buffer transmissions, this work reveals interplay between techniques higher layers ...

In human -thalassemia, the imbalance between and non– -globin chains causes ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and anemia: this condition is effectively treated by an enhanced level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). In spite of extensive studies on pharmacologic induction of HbF synthesis, clinical trials based on HbF reactivation in -thalassemia produced inconsistent results. Here, we investigate...

upper range of linearity is -2000 mgfL. Thus this method may be performed with mecomum samples contaming HbF as little as 10% of total Hb by weight, for which the original color of the specimen may be brownish-green. Samples with relatively high Hb content may need to be diluted. To obtain the proper dilution, use a freshly made hemolysate containing 20 L of blood in 5 mL of water for compariso...

Reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF, alpha 2 gamma 2) synthesis was previously reported in normal human adult erythroblast colonies ("bursts") generated by erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) in fetal calf serum-supplemented (FCS+) semisolid cultures stimulated with erythropoietin (Ep). Our studies focused on the reactivation of HbF synthesis in normal adult erythroid bursts generated by peripheral...

Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the maternal circulation but its source is unknown. To investigate whether excessive HbF is produced in the placenta or the fetus, the concentration of HbF (cHbF) in the arterial and venous umbilical cord blood (UCB) was compared in 15825 normotensive and 444 PE pregnancies. The effect of fetal gender on cHbF was also eval...

BACKGROUND Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is an important modulator of sickle cell disease (SCD). HbF has previously been shown to be affected by variants at three loci on chromosomes 2, 6 and 11, but it is likely that additional loci remain to be discovered. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 1,213 SCA (HbSS/HbSβ0) patients in Tanzania. Genotyping was done wi...