In vivo, histone tails are involved in numerous interactions, including those with DNA, adjacent histones, and other, nonhistone proteins. The amino termini are also the substrates for a number of enzymes, including histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases, and histone methyltransferases. Traditional biochemical approaches defining the substrate specificity profiles of HATs have ...

We study a very simple and natural algorithm for finding a matching of “hats” with “men”: line up the men in a random order, then, taking the hats in random order, assign each hat to the first man still in line who wants it, removing the man and hat. The competitive ratio of this algorithm, defined as the expected size of the matching obtained, divided by the size of the maximum matching possib...

In genetic hybrids displaying nucleolar dominance, acetylation of lysines 5, 8, 12 and 16 of histone H4 (H4K5, H4K8, H4K12, H4K16) and acetylation of histone H3 on lysines 9 and 14 (H3K9, H3K14) occurs at the promoters of active ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, whereas silenced rRNA genes are deacetylated. Likewise, histone hyperacetylation correlates with the active state of transgenes and of endog...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) readily establishes chronic infection, which is characterized by failure of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. HCV uses epitope mutation and T-cell exhaustion to escape from the host immune response. Previously, we engineered high-affinity T-cell receptors (HATs) targeting human immunodeficiency virus escape mutants. In this study, the affinity of a T-cell receptor specific fo...

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors (ADCRs) are involved in selective gene regulation via modulation of local chromatin configuration. Activation of the recombination hotspot ade6-M26 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is mediated by a cAMP responsive element (CRE)-like sequence, M26, and a heterodimeric ATF/CREB transcription factor, Atf1.Pcr1. Chromatin ...

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) play fundamental roles in regulating gene expression. HAT complexes with distinct subunit composition and substrate specificity act on chromatin-embedded genes with different promoter architecture and chromosomal locations. Because requirements for HAT complexes vary, a central question in transcriptional regulation is how different HAT complexes function in di...

We present a theory of word alignments in machine translation (MT) that equips every word alignment with a hierarchical representation with exact semantics defined over the translation equivalence relations known as hierarchical phrase pairs. The hierarchical representation consists of a set of synchronous trees (called Hierarchical Alignment Trees – HATs), each specifying a bilingual compositi...

BACKGROUND We studied whether a melanoma survivor-centered intervention was more effective than materials available to the general public in increasing children's sun protection. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, melanoma survivors (n = 340) who had a child ≤ 12 years received a targeted sun protection intervention (DVD and booklets) or standard education. Primary outcomes were childr...

In Arabidopsis the NRT2.1 gene encodes a main component of the root high-affinity nitrate uptake system (HATS). Its regulation has been thoroughly studied showing a strong correlation between NRT2.1 expression and HATS activity. Despite its central role in plant nutrition, nothing is known concerning localization and regulation of NRT2.1 at the protein level. By combining a green fluorescent pr...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a pronounced collagen-rich stromal reaction that has been shown to contribute to chemo-resistance. We have previously shown that PDAC cells are resistant to gemcitabine chemotherapy in the collagen microenvironment because of increased expression of the chromatin remodeling protein high mobility group A2 (HMGA2). We have now found that ...