Communication is central to life at all levels of complexity, from cells to organs, through to organisms and communities. Turtle eggs were recently shown to communicate with each other in order to synchronise their development and generate beneficial hatching synchrony. Yet the mechanism underlying embryo to embryo communication remains unknown. Here we show that within a clutch, developing sna...

a Average Daily Biting rate 0.164 [15] b Fraction of actually infective bites 0.088 Fitted to data mH Humans Natural Mortality rate 3.5r10x5 days x1 [16] rH Birth rate of humans 8 days x1 [16] kH Humans Carrying Capacity 16r10 [16] aH Dengue Mortality in Humans 10 x3 days x1 [17] cH Humans recovery rate 0.143 days x1 [17] pS Susceptible eggs hatching rate 0.15 days x1 [18] d1 Winter modulation ...

Kanamycin, penicillin, and streptomycin were injected individually into air cells of newly set chicken and turkey hatching eggs, and assay was made throughout the incubation period to determine the location, potency, and duration of efficacy. By 24 hours, each antibiotic had diffused throughout the albumen. By six days, penicillin residues could not be detected, whereas kanamycin or streptomyci...

The optimum dose of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to produce gynogenetic Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, with emphasis on the "Hertwig effect" and photoreactivation (PR) were investigated. The sperm of Caspian salmon was irradiated with UV at 2010 ? 200 ?w.cm-2 in different times including 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35 and 45 min and was allowed to fertilize normal ova; the fertilizati...

background: fasciolosis, caused by the liver flukes of the genus fasciola , is one of the most prevalent diseases of domestic livestock and human throughout the world, imposing considerable economic losses. the present study was aimed to assess the effects of different ph values on hatching rate of fasciola miracidia . methods: the flukes were isolated from the infected livers of the slaughtere...

BACKGROUND In the present study, the detection of anthelmintic resistance to triclabendazole (TCBZ) in sheep infected by Fasciola hepatica was studied using an egg hatch assay (EHA). F. hepatica eggs were recovered from bile and faeces of infected animals by isolates with different grade of anthelmintic resistance to TCBZ: i) a resistant isolate (RT); ii) a susceptible isolate (ST); iii) natura...

Maternally derived testosterone in the eggs of birds may benefit nestlings by increasing various aspects of their growth, condition and behavioral development, but these benefits may come at a cost, including suppression of immune responsiveness. Experiments on a variety of species in which in ovo levels of testosterone have been experimentally increased have produced mixed results; some have f...

Abstract:  The optimum dose of UV irradiation to produce gynogenesis rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss with emphasis of Hertwing effect and photoreactivation (PR) was investigated. For this purpose, the sperm of rainbow trout were inadiated with UV at 2010±200 µw.cm-2 intensity in different alternatives of 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35 and 45 minutes and allowed to fertilize normal ova; th...

Accelerated hatching is one of few defences available to embryos, and is effective against many egg-stage risks. We present the first analysis of genetic variation in hatching plasticity, examining premature hatching of American toad embryos in response to pathogenic water moulds. We reared eggs from half- and full-sib families in the presence and absence of water mould. Hatching age and hatchl...