efficient and one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes was described by knoevenagel condensation, michael addition and cyclodehydration of dimedone. this reaction was carried out through condensation of dimedone and various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of task-specific brønsted acidic ionic liquid under solvent free conditions. the catalyst could be recycled five times without si...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of 3 obturation techniques in oval-shaped canals by bacterial leakage assessment. Methods: Sixty mandibular incisors with oval canals were selected after providing buccolingual and mesiodistal radiographs. The teeth were sectioned at a 10 mm distance from the apex. After instrumentation, the teeth were divided into 3 gr...

an improved, simple, and facile synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1h)-ones by employing three-component, one-pot condensation reaction of β-keto ester, aromatic aldehydes, and urea or n-methylurea using lacl3/clch2cooh as an inexpensive and green chemistry catalyst system under solvent-free conditions described. compared with the classicalbiginelli reaction conditions, this method has the adv...

in this present study, volume of fluid method in openfoam open source cfd package will be extended to consider phase change phenomena with modified model due to condensation and boiling processes. this model is suitable for the case in which both unsaturated phase and saturated phase are present and for beginning boiling and condensation process needn't initial interface. both phases (liqu...

Introduction: Magnesian silicates such as for-sterite (Mg 2 SiO 4) and enstatite (MgSiO 3) are major minerals in universe including disks around young stars [e.g., 1], shells around evolved stars, in particular, oxygen rich stars [e.g., 2, 3] and so on. It is thus important to understand evaporation and condensation behaviors of magnesian silicates, which are major phase-transformation reaction...

The properties of the QCD vacuum at quark chemical potentials on the order of the pion mass and at zero temperature are by now quite well understood. The insight into this non-perturbative regime of QCD is obtained using chiral perturbation theory at nonzero quark chemical potentials [1–8]. The results apply not only to ordinary QCD but also to two color QCD and to QCD with quarks in the adjoin...

When the cosmological constant is considered to be a thermodynamical variable in black hole thermodynamics, analogous to a pressure, its conjugate variable can be thought of as a thermodynamic volume for the black hole. In the AdS/CFT correspondence this interpretation cannot be applied to the CFT on the boundary but, from the point of view of the boundary SU(N) gauge theory, varying the cosmol...

We analyze the definition of the Gibbs free energy of a nanoparticle in a reactive fluid environment, and propose an approach for predicting the size of carbon nanoparticles produced by the detonation of carbon-rich explosives that regards their condensation as a nucleation process and takes into account absolute entropy effects of the cluster population. The results are consistent with experim...