I thank all the discussants for their many critiques and comments, and for their considerable efforts. Many of the points raised are ones with which I (at least in part) agree. It therefore seems easiest to first deal with a number of points with which I don’t agree. First, Fuchs states (and Bentley appears to assume) that my analysis is documented in a book and in a movie, neither of which I h...

While a fresco is confined by the wall it painted on, its content has potential to expand visual space of an enclosed building infinitely. In contrast text, painting can create dynamic interplay between and conceptual layering different levels space. Tomb paintings are unique form art that combine physical limitations their surroundings with abstract concepts human thought. The mural in chamber...

Yeakel et al. present an innovative examination of Egypt’s ecological history (1), in which they rely upon paleontological evidence and artistic representations of animals to reconstruct patterns of species extinctions over six millennia. Focusing on ungulates and their mammalian predators, and drawing upon mammalogist Dale Osborn’s 1998 volume, The Mammals of Ancient Egypt (2), Yeakel et al. (...