The scale of a phenomenologically successful charge-symmetry-violating nucleon-nucleon interaction, that attributed to meson exchange with a ∆I = 1 rho-omega transition, is set by the Coleman-Glashow SU(2) breaking tadpole mechanism. A single tadpole scale has been obtained from symmetry arguments, electromagnetic meson and baryon measured mass splittings, and the observed isospin violating (∆I...

The longitudinal profile of the 320 EeV event observed by the Fly’s Eye experiment is analysed. A method of testing the hypothesis of a specific primary particle type is described. Results for different particle types are summarized. For hadronic primaries between proton and iron nuclei, the discrepancy between observed and simulated profiles is in the range of 0.6-1.0σ for two different hadron...

The influence of the hadronic ππ interaction on the wave functions of pionium (the Coulomb bound π+π− system) at distances ≤ 10 fm is calculated for s-states with principal quantum numbers n ≤ 4. Hadronic ππ potentials are used that reproduce the scattering phase shifts of two-loop chiral perturbation theory. The pionium wave functions ψn(r) are obtained by integrating the coupled Schrödinger e...

In recent years the Fly’s Eye and Akeno groups have presented analyses of the cosmic ray mass composition at energies above 10eV. While the analysis of the Fly’s Eye group points to a likely change in mass composition from heavy to light at energies above 10eV, the Akeno analysis favours an unchanging composition. However, the two groups base their conclusions on simulations using quite differe...

The Muon Tracking Detector in the KASCADE-Grande experiment allows the measurement of muon directions up to 700 m from the shower center. It means, that nearly all muons produced in a shower and surviving to the ground level are subject of investigation. It is important not only for studying mean muon production heights but also for investigations of EAS muon pseudorapidity distributions. These...

The Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment has been designed to use the LHC to benchmark the hadronic interaction models used in cosmic-ray physics. The LHCf experiment measures neutral particles emitted in the very forward region of LHC collisions. In this paper, the performances of the LHCf detectors for hadronic showers was studied with MC simulations and beam tests. The detection e...

A generalized Strangeness-incorporating Statistical Bootstrap Model (SSBM) is constructed so as to include indepedent fugacities for up and down quarks. Such an extension is crucial for the confrontation of multiparticle data emerging from heavy ion collisions, wherein isospin symmetry is not satisfied. Two constraints, in addition to the presence of a critical surface which sets the boundaries...

Our understanding of hadronic parity violation is far from clear despite nearly 50 years of theoretical and experimental progress. Measurements of low-energy parity-violating observables in nuclear systems are the only accessible means to study the flavor-conserving weak hadronic interaction. To reduce the uncertainties from nuclear effects, experiments in the few and two-body system are essent...