Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds that may have cancer-protective properties. The purpose of the study was to see how enterolactone, daidzein, and genistein serum concentrations reflect major changes in the diet of Finnish subjects. Phytoestrogen concentrations were measured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay after hydrolysis and extraction in samples from 85 middle-aged subjects who w...

BACKGROUND Snorers often experience symptoms of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) which is largely undiagnosed in the population. Information on SDB experiences is needed to target high-risk individuals that may benefit from treatment of snoring. OBJECTIVE This study compares the experience of the nighttime and daytime symptoms of SDB of habitual snorers with that of non-habitually snoring adu...

In an 8-month strictly controlled dietary study of 16 healthy young men, the long-term effect of a low-fat (26% of energy) high-fiber (4.5 g/MJ) diet on cardiovascular risk markers of the hemostatic system was assessed. Fasting blood sampling was performed during a 4-week baseline period and then monthly during the intervention. A matched control group of 16 men on habitual diets was also monit...

The impact of diet on the gut microbiota has usually been assessed by subjecting people to the same controlled diet and thereafter following the shifts in the microbiota. In the present study, we used habitual dietary intake, clinical data, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to characterize the stool microbiota of Finnish monozygotic twins...

OBJECTIVES It is not established to what extent caloric intake must be reduced to lower oxidative stress in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short-term, moderate caloric restriction on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight and obese premenopausal women. MATERIALS/METHODS Randomized trial comparison of 25% caloric restriction (CR) or control die...

AIMS In the UK, lifestyle intervention is first-line management in Type 2 diabetes. It is unclear what type of diet is most efficacious for improving glycaemic control. This study investigated the effects of an oat-enriched diet on glycaemic control, postprandial glycaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress compared with standard dietary advice. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, 27 vo...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that diets with high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) increase the risk of heart disease. DESIGN Overall GI and GL were assessed from 7 d diet records or diet history interviews. SETTING Information on hospitalization and death due to CVD and CHD was obtained from the National Register of Cause of Death and the National Register of Patients. SU...