biological indicators are species that can be employed to monitor environmental quality and ecosystem health. different groups of organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria and parasites regularly produce certain molecular signal in response to changes in their environmental milieu. parasites are important tools for providing wealth of information on physicochemical quality, environmental stre...

Skin responses of fish to various parasites have been shown to involve various immunologically competent cells producing factors which guide the reactions of epithelial cells. However, the present study has demonstrated that a monoculture of epithelial cells has the ability to encapsulate and partially degrade ectoparasites without involvement of leukocytes. The ectoparasitic monogeneanGyrodact...

transplanted and hemodialysis patients are frequently affected by parasitic diseases such as cryptosporidiosis. cryptosporidium is a parasite causing self-limited diarrhea and enteritis in healthy individuals. the presence of cryptosporidium infection was studied in three groups including 87 renal transplant patients, 103 hemodialysis patients, and 60 healthy individuals as the control group. t...

definitive diagnosis of brucellosis is made by isolation of the causative agents, which is a timeconsumingprocedure. to evaluate the efficacy of dot-elisa for detecting brucellae in clinical samples, 94different specimens taken from animal origin were cultured on brucella selective culture media and colonieswere identified biochemically. the specimens were also examined after centrifugation by ...

The combination of exceptionally high species diversity, high host specificity, and a complex reproduction system raises many questions about the underlying mechanisms triggering speciation in the flatworm genus Gyrodactylus. The coevolutionary history with their goby hosts was investigated using both topology- and distance-based approaches; phylogenies were constructed of the V4 region of the ...

conclusions current study revealed that a. flavus was the most common isolated pathogen. moreover, a. fumigatus was the second common isolated pathogen in patients with ifs. additionally, the hospital construction was an important environmental risk factor for acquisition of infection in patients with hematological malignancy. the most common season for ifs incidence was summer. additionally, t...