Two different type II topoisomerases are known in bacteria. DNA gyrase (Gyr) introduces negative supercoils into DNA. Topoisomerase IV (Par) relaxes DNA supercoils. GyrA and ParC subunits of bacterial type II topoisomerases are involved in breakage and reunion of DNA. The spatial structure of the C-terminal fragment in GyrA/ ParC is not available. We infer homology between the C-terminal domain...

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a public health concern. TB that drug-resistant to rifampin and isoniazid known as MDR-TB, whereas XDR-TB MDR-TB also resistant second-line medicines, such fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin). rifampin-resistant (RR-TB), of which 78 percent had multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) (MDR-TB). Fluoroquinolones are class broad-spectrum antimicrobials have...

The proportion of DNA gyrase mutants among quinolone-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined by introducing the cloned wild-type Escherichia coli gyrA and gyrB genes. Of 101 spontaneous mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO505, 33 (33%) were found to have gyrA mutations. Among 17 clinical isolates, 12 (71%) had gyrA mutations and 1 (6%) had a gyrB mutation.

Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to the standard therapeutic antimicrobials (clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin [AMX], and tetracycline) (9) has been demonstrated; therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce other treatment options. Fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin (LVX) and gatifloxacin (GAT), have been evaluated as an alternative to standard antibiotics against H. pylori. A...

The quinolones exert their anti-bacterial activity by binding to DNA gyrase A (GyrA), an essential enzyme in maintenance of DNA topology within bacterial cell. The mutations conferring resistance to quinolones arise within the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of GyrA. Therefore, quinolones interaction with wild and mutated GyrA can provide the molecular explanation for resistance....

background: acinetobacter baumannii plays an important role in some types of nosocomial infections as an opportunist microorganism which increases levels of resistance to antibacterial drugs and disinfectants. objectives: the aim of this study was to determine the resistance and sensitivity of a. baumannii to different antibiotics and evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) for cipr...

This paper reports the first case of Haemophilus quentini bacteremia with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin and resistance to nalidixic acid identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. There was an S 84 L substitution in gyrA and an S 84 I substitution in par C. The isolate had co-resistance to ampicillin (beta-lactamase positive) and tetracycline mediated by the tet(B) gene.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium known for causing chronic infections in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Recently, several drug targets in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 have been reported using network biology approaches on the basis of essentiality and topology and further ranked on network measures viz. degree and centrality. Till d...

Ciprofloxacin resistant Shigella sonnei across the globe have been increasing alarmingly. In order to understand the emergence of S.sonnei with respect to ciprofloxacin resistance in our patient population, the following study was carried out. Of the 184 Shigella sp. Isolated from 2012 to 2015, 34 S.sonnei which were confirmed by standard methods and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility te...

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health problem. Early diagnosis of MDR-TB patients is essential for minimizing the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) transmission. The conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) methods for detection of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis are laborious and cannot provide the rapid detection for clinical practice. MET...