Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is used in folk medicine for treatment of stomach disorders including peptic ulcers. The hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (HEGG) was evaluated for antiulcerogenic activity and acute toxicity profile in mice. Various doses of HEGG (50-200 mg/kg) were administered orally to animals of different groups. Omeprazole and cimetidine at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg wer...

Noticeable variation was observed in a number of morphological characters in the Glycyrrhiza specimens in various habitats in north of Iran. To study these variations, two taxa related to the Hyrcanian region from all four known taxa of this genus in Iran, including Glycyrrhiza echinata, and G. glabra var. glabra were studied by numerical taxonomy using morphological characters in three provinc...

Carinityla Sheng & Sun gen. n., Carinityla punctulata Sheng & Sun sp. n. and Carinityla pilosa Sheng & Sun sp. n. belonging to the tribe Phygadeuontini of the subfamily Cryptinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), collected from Jiangxi Province, China, are described. A key to the species of the new genus, Carinityla Sheng & Sun, gen. n., is provided and the genus is placed in Townes' key to genera ...

Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825 (the brown-throated three-toed sloth), is 1 of 4 extant three-toed sloths. A highcanopy folivore, B. variegatus is distributed over southern Central America and northern and central South America and is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources because of its wide distribution. Males have a middorsal spec...

Author Contributions: Nan Xiao: Conception and design, aquisition of data, manuscript writing Hongbin Cao: Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Che-Hong Chen: Conception and design Christina S. Kong: Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Rehan Ali:Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Cato Chan: Administrative and material support Davud Sir...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed in the invasive species Bidens alba (Asteraceae) to assess its population structure and to facilitate tracking its expansion in China. • METHODS AND RESULTS Using 454 pyrosequencing, 20 microsatellite primer sets were developed for B. alba. The markers were tested on one population of B. alba (30 individuals) and one pop...

A novel C-28 tetraglycoside of quillaic acid (1) has been isolated from G ypsophila capil­ laris. The structure was elucidated by 1 D NM R (N O E difference, DEPT, selective 13C{1H} INEPT), 2D NMR ^ H /H and !H ,13C COSY, ‘H /H /H RELAY, ROESY and TOCSY) and other spectroscopic and chromatographic evidences. Conformational dynamics within the tetrasaccharide part were estimated from NOE respons...

Two new triterpenoid saponins (1, 2) were isolated from the roots of Gypsophila altissima L. (Caryophyllaceae), together with a known compound (3). The structures of new saponins were established as quillaic acid 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (1), and 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-(6-...