Iraq’s agricultural sector represents a small, but vital component of Iraq’s economy. Over the past several decades agriculture’s role in the economy has been heavily influenced by Iraq’s involvement in military conflicts, particularly the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War and the 1991 Gulf War, and by varying degrees of government efforts to promote and/or control agricultural production. In the mid-1980s...

Extensively used by US forces in Vietnam, the 1991 Gulf War, Kosovo and Afghanistan, and by Israel in the 1982 siege of West Beirut, cluster bombs have received severe condemnation from human rights and humanitarian organisations. There is consensus in the international community that these weapons are unacceptable and in breach of international humanitarian law, with many calling for a morator...

Surface expression of the group 1 K30 capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli strain E69 (O9a:K30) requires Wza(K30), a member of the outer membrane auxiliary (OMA) protein family. A mutation in wza(K30) severely restricts the formation of the K30 capsular structure on the cell surface, but does not interfere with the biosynthesis or polymerization of the K30 repeat unit. Here we show that ...

Only a few cross-country empirical studies have been conducted to measure the performance of commercial banks especially before, during, and after crises (financial or political). This study makes an attempt to fill the gap in literature by investigating the impacts of crises on Gulf corporate conceal (GCC) commercial banks performance over the period between1997-2007. The rationale behind this...

In this work, we address the problem of finding globally optimal power allocation strategies to maximize users sum-rate (SR) as well system energy efficiency (EE) in downlink single-cell multicarrier non-orthogonal multiple access (MC-NOMA) systems. Each NOMA cluster includes a set which well-known superposition coding (SC) combined with successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique is a...

1. introduction seas and oceans comprise over 70 percent of the planet earth always taken into attention in the history. however, the most important official and legal actions to regularize a number of claims made by coastal countries regarding the demand of the territorial and marine control and exclusive ownership date the 20th century. the first conference on marine international law was hel...

This paper presents some factors and explores the strategies utilized by companies for influencing the standardization process in mobile telecommunication. The paper is based on an indepth case-study of the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). In the paper I divide the companies into different types; Operators, Manufactures and application vendors and establish some common strategies used by the differe...

for the past quarter of a century iran has advocated the setting up of a security regime in the persian gulf by littoral states that excludes foreign powers. this paper examines the reasons behind iran's opposition to foreign participation in persian gulf security arrangements; the steps iran has taken to gain the support of other littoral states for its scheme, and the prospects for iran&...

In This paper, the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes are compared with orthogonal (OMA) on basis of resource allocation validity uplinks. By reflecting involvement a measure each user’s data system’s total amount, we analyze main reasons why NOMA provides justice service distribution over OMA unequal channels. Moreover, Jain index is observed and proposed to quantify irregularity nu...