Abstract The international community has recognized the critical role of information and communication technology (ICT) in advancement humanity. ICT is a component each United Nations’ (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (ITU 2021). Nonetheless, 48% world’s population remains unconnected to internet (Henri 2020, p. 2), resulting what referred as digital divide. communications industry ...

String theory requires additional degrees of freedom to maintain world–sheet reparameterisation invariance at the quantum level. These are often interpreted as extra dimensions, beyond the 4 space-time. I discuss a class of quasi-realistic string models in which all the untwisted geometrical moduli are projected out by GSO projections. In these models the extra dimensions are fictitious, and do...

In this paper we give an exact analytic solution for tachyon condensation in the modified (picture 0) cubic superstring field theory. We prove the absence of cohomology and, crucially, reproduce the correct value for the D-brane tension. The solution is surprising for two reasons: First, the existence of a tachyon vacuum in this theory has not been definitively established in the level expansio...

Group search optimizer(GSO) is a new novel optimization algorithm by simulating animal behaviour. It uses the Gbest topology structure, which leads to rapid exchange of information among particles. So,it is easily trapped into a local optima when dealing with multi-modal optimization problems. In this paper,inspiration from the Newman and Watts model,a improved group search optimizer with inter...

We argue that orientable open string theory without GSO projection has N=2 spacetime supersymmetry in a spontaneously broken phase. The arguments are presented both in Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond and Green-Schwarz formulations. The formal but explicit supersymmetry transformation law for string field is given in the framework of Witten’s open string field theory. Our results support a fundamental assu...

In order to overcome the basic glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm in the high dimension space function optimization effect is poor defects. This paper, we introduce the idea of the traditional complex method, with the complex method the worst part of the glowworm guidance for reflection be good glowworm swarm, so as to continuously make the worst glowworm swarm become the better glowwo...

Software defect prediction has turned into an expected requirement for organizations to guarantee quality and reliability of software products. The early defect prediction can encourage managers to amend and improve reliability of product. Methodologies, for example, machine learning and neural network have ended up as eminent solution for training and classification of data and can be importan...

We investigate a Gepner-like superstring model described by a combination of multiple minimal models and an N = 2 Liouville theory. This model is thought to be equivalent to the superstring theory on a singular noncompact Calabi-Yau manifold. We construct the modular invariant partition function of this model, and confirm the validity of an appropriate GSO projection. We also calculate the elli...