Depletion of the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), underlies progression of the devastating neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Thus, strategies aimed at elevating GSH may yield new therapeutics for ALS. Here, we investigated the effects of a unique non-denatured whey protein supplement, Immunocal, in the transgenic Gly position 93 to Ala (G93A) mutant hSOD1...

The role of lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of arsenic toxicity was investigated in female rats pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a glutathione [GSH] inducer) or with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a GSH depletor). Rats were challenged with sodium arsenite, and sacrificed 1 hr after this treatment. Results showed that arsenic decreased GSH levels and increased lipid peroxidation in liver...

Repeated daily dosing of rats with the occupational chemical 4- vinylcyclohexene or its diepoxide metabolite (VCD) for 15 days destroys the smallest ovarian follicles. VCD acutely reduced hepatic levels of the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH); therefore, these studies were designed to evaluate whether GSH concentrations mediate VCD-induced ovotoxicity. Immature female Fischer 344 rats were dosed ...

Activated macrophages and granulocytes lyse tumor cells in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate or antitumor antibody via the secretion of reactive oxygen intermediates, such as HzOz. We compared the lysis of GSH-depleted or normal tumor cells by oxidants generated with glucose oxidase or activated macrophages and granulocytes. Two independent methods were employed to deplete cells specifi...

The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on acute myocardial toxicity due to doxorubicin (DXR) was investigated. At 20 mg/kg i.p. DXR was 100% lethal to BALB/c x DBA/2 F, mice. At 500 or 1000 mg/kg i.p. GSH significantly decreased the lethality (P < 0.01). Electron micro graphs of the myocardium from DXR-treated mice showed narrowing of myofibrils, edematous cytoplasm, and mitochondria! swelling...

Glutathione, Upsilon-Glu-Cys-Gly, is one of the most abundant small molecules in biosphere. Its main form is the reduced monomer (GSH), serving to detoxicate xenobiotics and heavy metals, reduce protein thiols, maintain cellular membranes and deactivate free radicals. Its oxidized dimer (GSSG) controls metal content of metallothionein. The results presented provided a quantitative and structura...

Sickle cell anaemia (SS) and sickle cell-haemoglobin C disease (SC) patients exhibit severe red blood cell (RBC) rheological alterations involved in the development of several complications. The contribution of oxidative stress in these haemorheological abnormalities is still unknown. We compared RBC reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) content, and the haemorheological profile o...

In the present study, we evaluate the protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) against the senescence of rice leaves promoted by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Senescence of rice leaves was determined by decreases in protein content. H 2 O 2 treatment resulted in (1) increases in leaf H 2 O 2 content, (2) induction of leaf senescence, (3) increases in lipid peroxidation, (4) decreases in ascorbic ...

Aging is a critical risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Silibinin, a major flavonoid in Silybum marianum, has been suggested to display neuroprotective properties against various neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we observed that neonatal iron (120 μg/g body weight) supplementation resulted in significant abnormality of behavior and depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) in the ag...

Glutathione (GSH) serves as a major endogenous antioxidant and its kinetics have been poorly described in the weaned pig. This study was to assess the effect of birth weight, sex, and days postweaning on the small intestine (SI) mucosal GSH kinetics. At weaning (18.8 ± 0.44 d) 34 pairs of intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) and normal birth weight sex-matched littermates were selected and fed...