Measurements of the average growth rates of soil bacteria from a soil under three treatments; a conventional high input corn soybean rotation, a reversion to a native successional community (4 years) and a never ploughed grassland, were made by two methods. The specific rates of synthesis of bacterial DNA were determined from the specific activities of the DNA precursor, deoxythymidine triphosp...

A class of permutations Π is called closed if π ⊂ σ ∈ Π implies π ∈ Π, where the relation ⊂ is the natural containment of permutations. Let Πn be the set of all permutations of 1, 2, . . . , n belonging to Π. We investigate the counting functions n 7→ |Πn| of closed classes. Our main result says that if |Πn| < 2n−1 for at least one n ≥ 1, then there is a unique k ≥ 1 such that Fn,k ≤ |Πn| ≤ Fn,...

Mineralogical processes taking place close to equilibrium, or with very slow kinetics, are difficult to quantify precisely. The determination of ultraslow dissolution/precipitation rates would reveal characteristic timing associated with these processes that are important at geological scale. We have designed an advanced high-resolution white-beam phase-shift interferometry microscope to measur...

An inverse modeling procedure to determine particle growth and nucleation rates from measured aerosol size distributions B. Verheggen and M. Mozurkewich Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada now at: Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Received: 7 December 2005 – Accepted...

In endogenous growth theory models exist which are characterized by local and global indeterminacy. These concepts imply that economies differ with respect to their growth rates on the transition path (local indeterminacy) as well as their long−run growth rates (global indeterminacy). While the empirical density function of the levels of aggregate GDP has been the subject of a great many studie...

A class of permutations is called hereditary if implies where the relation is the natural containment of permutations Let n be the set of all permutations of n belonging to We investigate the counting functions n j nj of hereditary classes Our main result says that if j nj n for at least one n then there is a unique k such that Fn k j nj Fn k n c holds for all n with a constant c Here Fn k are ...

We prove that the set of growth rates of permutation classes includes an infinite sequence of intervals whose infimum is θB ≈ 2.35526, and that it also contains every value at least λB ≈ 2.35698. These results improve on a theorem of Vatter, who determined that there are permutation classes of every growth rate at least λA ≈ 2.48187. Thus, we also refute his conjecture that the set of growth ra...

This paper examines the impact of the birth rate on economic growth by using a panel data set of 28 provinces in China over twenty years. Because China’s one-child policy applied only to the Han Chinese but not to minorities, this unique affirmative policy allows us to use the proportion of minorities in a province as an instrumental variable to identify the causal effect of the birth rate on e...

We investigate the function dA(n), which gives the size of a least size generating set for A, in the case where A has a cube term. We show that if A has a k-cube term and A is finitely generated, then dA(n) ∈ O(log(n)) if A is perfect and dA(n) ∈ O(n) if A is imperfect. When A is finite, then one may replace “Big Oh” with “Big Theta” in these estimates.

Growth rates were determined for two captive litters (one male and one female) of nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) born to the same parents in two successive years. For females, gain in mass from birth to about 2 years old was best described by a fourth order polynomial function. However, increase in mass was linear from birth up to at least 400 days of age. The male litter was bor...